655 lines
21 KiB
HTML
655 lines
21 KiB
HTML
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<title>ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="header">
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<h1>ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using</h1>
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<span id="author">Nico Schottelius</span><br />
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<span id="email"><tt><<a href="mailto:nico-linux-ccollect__@__schottelius.org">nico-linux-ccollect__@__schottelius.org</a>></tt></span><br />
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<span id="revision">version 0.2.2,</span>
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for ccollect 0.2, Initial Version 2005-01-13
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</div>
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<div id="preamble">
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<p>(pseudo) incremental backup
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with different exclude lists
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using hardlinks and <tt>rsync</tt></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2>1. Introduction</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<p>ccollect is a backup utitily written in the sh-scripting language.
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It does not depend on a specific shell, only <tt>/bin/sh</tt> needs to be
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bourne shell compatibel (like <em>dash</em>, <em>zsh</em> or <em>bash</em>).</p>
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<h3>1.1. Why you can only backup TO localhost</h3>
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<p>While thinking about the design of ccollect, I thought about enabling
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backup to <strong>remote</strong> hosts. Though this sounds like a nice feature
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(<em>Backup my notebook to the server now.</em>), it is in my opinion a
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bad idea to backup to a remote host, because you have to open
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security at your backup host. Think of the following situation: You backup
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your farm of webservers <strong>to</strong> a backup host somewhere else. One of
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your webservers gets compromised, then your backup server will be compromised,
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too. Think of it the other way round: The backup server (now behind a
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firewall using NAT and strong firewall rules) connects to the
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webservers and pulls the data to it. If someone gets access to the
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webserver, the person will perhaps not even see your machine. If
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he/she sees that there are connections from a host to the compromised
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machine, he/she will not be able to login to the backup machine.
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All other backups are still secure.</p>
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</div>
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<h2>2. Requirements</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<h3>2.1. Installing ccollect</h3>
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<p>For the installation, you need at least
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- either <em>cp</em> and <em>chmod</em> or <em>install
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- for more comfort: 'make</em>
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- for rebuilding the generated documentation: additionally <em>asciidoc</em></p>
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<h3>2.2. Using ccollect</h3>
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<div class="title">Running ccollect requires the following tools installed:</div><ul>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>bc</tt>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>cp</tt> with support for hard links (<em>cp -al</em>)
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>rsync</tt>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>ssh</tt> (if you want to use rsync over ssh, which is recommened for security)
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<h2>3. Installing</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<p>Either type <em>make install</em> or simply copy it to a directory in your
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$PATH and execute <em>chmod <strong>0755</strong> /path/to/ccollect.sh</em>.</p>
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</div>
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<h2>4. Configuring</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<h3>4.1. Runtime options</h3>
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<p><tt>ccollect</tt> looks for its configuration in <em>/etc/ccollect</em> or, if set, in
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the directory specified by the variable <em>$CCOLLECT_CONF</em>
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(use <em>CCOLLECT_CONF=/your/config/dir ccollect.sh</em> on the shell).</p>
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<p>When you start <tt>ccollect</tt>, you have either to specify which intervall
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to backup (daily, weekly, yearly; you can specify the names yourself, see below).</p>
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<p>The intervall is used to specify how many backups to keep.</p>
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<p>There are also some self explaining parameters you can pass to ccollect, simply use
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"ccollect.sh —help" for info.</p>
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<h3>4.2. General configuration</h3>
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<p>The general configuration can be found below $CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults or
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/etc/ccollect/defaults. All options specified here are generally valid for
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all source definitions. Though the values can be overwritten in the source
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configuration.</p>
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<p>All configuration entries are plain-text (use UTF-8 if you use
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non ASCII characters) files.</p>
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<h4>4.2.1. Intervall definition</h4>
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<p>The intervall definition can be found below
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<em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/intervalls/</em> or <em>/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervalls</em>.
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Every file below this directory specifies an intervall. The name of the file is the
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name of the intervall: <tt>intervalls/<em><intervall name></em></tt>.</p>
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<p>The content of this file should be a single line containing a number.
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This number defines how many versions of this intervall to keep.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre><tt> [10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/defaults/intervalls/
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insgesamt 12
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 10:24 daily
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 11:36 monthly
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-08 11:36 weekly
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[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/defaults/intervalls/*
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28
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12
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4</tt></pre>
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</div></div>
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<p>This means to keep 28 daily backups, 12 monthly backups and 4 weekly.</p>
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<h3>4.3. Source configuration</h3>
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<p>Each source configuration exists below <em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/sources/$name</em> or
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<em>/etc/ccollect/sources/$name</em>.</p>
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<p>The name you choose for the subdirectory describes the source.</p>
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<p>Each source has at least the following files:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>source</tt> (a text file containing the rsync compatible path to backup)
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>destination</tt> (a link to the directory we should backup to)
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Additionally a source may have the following files:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>verbose</tt> whether to be verbose (passes -v to rsync)
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>exclude</tt> exclude list for rsync. One exclude specification on each line.
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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`rsync_options' extra options to pass to rsync
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre><tt> [10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2
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insgesamt 12
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 destination -> /home/nico/backupdir
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 62 2005-12-07 17:43 exclude
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drwxr-xr-x 2 nico users 4096 2005-12-07 17:38 intervalls
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 15 2005-11-17 16:44 source
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
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openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
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nicht_reinnehmen
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etwas mit leerzeichenli
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervalls
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insgesamt 4
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
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[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervalls/daily
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5
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[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/source
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/home/nico/vpn</tt></pre>
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</div></div>
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<h4>4.3.1. Detailled description of "source"</h4>
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<p><tt>source</tt> describes a rsync compatible source (one line only).</p>
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<p>For instance <em>backup_user@foreign_host:/home/server/video</em>.
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To use the rsync protocol without the ssh-tunnel, use
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<em>rsync::USER@HOST/SRC</em>. For more information have a look at rsync(1).</p>
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<h4>4.3.2. Detailled description of "verbose"</h4>
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<p><tt>verbose</tt> tells <tt>ccollect</tt> that the log should contain verbose messages.</p>
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<p>If this file exists in the source specification <strong>-v</strong> will be passed to <tt>rsync</tt>.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre><tt> [11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% touch conf/sources/testsource1/verbose</tt></pre>
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</div></div>
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<h4>4.3.3. Detailled description of "exclude"</h4>
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<p><tt>exclude</tt> specifies a list of paths to exclude. The entries are new line (\n)
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seperated.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre><tt> [11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
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openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
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nicht_reinnehmen
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etwas mit leerzeichenli
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something with spaces is not a problem</tt></pre>
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</div></div>
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<h4>4.3.4. Detailled description of "destination"</h4>
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<p><tt>destination</tt> must be a link to the destination directory.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre><tt> [11:36] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/destination
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 conf/sources/testsource2/destination -> /home/nico/backupdir</tt></pre>
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</div></div>
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<h4>4.3.5. Detailled description of "intervalls/"</h4>
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<p>When you create a subdirectory <tt>intervalls/</tt> within your source configuration
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directory, you can specify individiual intervalls for this specific source.
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Each file below this directory describes an intervall.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre><tt> [11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervalls/
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insgesamt 8
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-14 11:33 yearly
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[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervalls/*
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5
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20</tt></pre>
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</div></div>
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<h4>4.3.6. Detailled description of "rsync_options"</h4>
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<p>When you create the file <tt>rsync_options</tt> below your source configuration,
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all the parameters found in this file will be passed to rsync. This
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way you can pass additional options to rsync. For instance you can tell rsync
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to show progress ("—progress") or which -password-file ("—password-file")
|
|
to use for automatic backup over the rsync-protocol.</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt> [23:42] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/test_rsync/rsync_options
|
|
--password-file=/home/user/backup/protected_password_file</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>5. Hints</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<h3>5.1. Using rsync protocol without ssh</h3>
|
|
<p>When you have a computer with little computing power, it may be useful to use
|
|
rsync without ssh, directly using the rsync protocol
|
|
(specify <em>user@host::share</em> in <tt>source</tt>). You may wish to use
|
|
<tt>rsync_options</tt> to specify a password file to use for automatic backup.</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt>backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/source
|
|
backup@webserver::backup-share
|
|
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_options
|
|
--password-file=/etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
|
|
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
|
|
this_is_the_rsync_password</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<p>This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.</p>
|
|
<h3>5.2. Not-excluding top-level directories</h3>
|
|
<p>When you exclude "/proc" or "/mnt" from your backup, you may run into
|
|
trouble when you restore your backup. When you use "/proc/*" or "/mnt/*"
|
|
instead <tt>ccollect</tt> will backup empty directories.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
<table><tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<p>When those directories contain hidden files
|
|
(those beginning with a dot (<strong>.</strong>)),
|
|
they will still be transferred!</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>This hint was reported by Marcus Wagner.</p>
|
|
<h3>5.3. Re-using already created rsync-backups</h3>
|
|
<p>If you used <tt>rsync</tt> directly before you use <tt>ccollect</tt>, you can
|
|
use this old backup as initial backup for <tt>ccollect</tt>: You
|
|
simply move it into a subdirectory named "<em>intervall</em>.0".</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt>backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
|
|
bin dev etc initrd lost+found mnt root srv usr vmlinuz
|
|
boot doc home lib media opt sbin tmp var vmlinuz.old
|
|
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# mkdir daily.0
|
|
|
|
# ignore error about copying to itself
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# mv * daily.0 2>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
|
|
daily.0</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<p>Now you could use /home/backup/web1 as the <tt>destination</tt> for the backup.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
<table><tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<p>Do <strong>not</strong> name the first backup something like "daily.initial", but use
|
|
the "<strong>0</strong>" (or some very low number, at least lower than the current year)
|
|
as extension. <tt>ccollect</tt> uses <tt>sort</tt> to find the latest backup. <tt>ccollect</tt>
|
|
itself uses <em>intervall.YEAR-MONTH-DAY-HOUR:MINUTE.PID</em>. This notation will
|
|
<strong>always</strong> be before "daily.initial", as numbers are earlier in the list
|
|
which is produced by <tt>sort</tt>. So, if you have a directory named "daily.initial",
|
|
<tt>ccollect</tt> will always diff against this backup and transfer and delete
|
|
files which where deleted in previous backups. This means you simply
|
|
waste resources, but your backup will be complete.</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>6. F.A.Q.</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<h3>6.1. What happens, if one backup is broken / empty?</h3>
|
|
<p>Let us assume, that one backup failed (connection broke or hard disk had
|
|
some failures). So we've one backup in our history, which is incomplete.</p>
|
|
<p>The next time you use <tt>ccollect</tt>, it will transfer the missing files</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>7. Examples</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<h3>7.1. A backup host configuration from scratch</h3>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt>srwali01:~# mkdir /etc/ccollect
|
|
srwali01:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervalls/
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 28 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervalls/taeglich
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 52 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervalls/woechentlich
|
|
srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# mkdir sources
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# cd sources/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# ls
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir local-root
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd local-root/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# echo / > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# cat > exclude << EOF
|
|
> /proc
|
|
> /sys
|
|
> /mnt
|
|
> EOF
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/local-root destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/local-root
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ccollect.sh taeglich local-root
|
|
/o> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using intervall taeglich
|
|
/=> Beginning to backup "local-root" ...
|
|
|-> 0 backup(s) already exist, keeping 28 backup(s).</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<p>After that, I added some more sources:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt>srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/sources
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-wl6
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd windos-wl6/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# echo /mnt/win/SYS/WL6 > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/wl6 destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/wl6
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# cd ..
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-daten
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# echo /mnt/win/Daten > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten
|
|
|
|
# Now add some remote source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# cd ..
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir srwali03
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd srwali03/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# cat > exclude << EOF
|
|
> /proc
|
|
> /sys
|
|
> /mnt
|
|
> /home
|
|
> EOF
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# echo 'root@10.103.2.3:/' > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03 destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<h3>7.2. Using hard-links requires less disk space</h3>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt>[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir
|
|
4.6M /home/nico/backupdir
|
|
[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir/*
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:52.28456
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28484
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28507
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28531
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28554
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28577
|
|
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
|
186M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/*
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:42.312
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:45.588</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Version 0.2.2<br />
|
|
Last updated 17-Jan-2006 12:59:55 CEST
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
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|