* 2020-06-08 *** Python #7: **** DONE Lecture content CLOSED: [2020-06-08 월 22:49] - Same structure as "Python #2" - Exercises 37-39 **** Lecture material - Available on https://cloud.ungleich.ch/s/435FyfrQyEq6oF3 * 2020-06-01 *** Python applying learnings from 1..6 **** DONE Lecture notes CLOSED: [2020-06-02 화 11:21] - Previous topics covered: - Printing - Formatting - Variables - Escape Sequences - Inputting text - Reading arguments / using argv - Reading files - Defining methods - Boolean logic - Branching using if/else/elif - Loops: for/while - Today we write a calculator that saves results in a file in python - How it works in general You read the input until you read a line that only contains a "q". Every input line consists of numbers separated by a space. For instance "4 5 9". You will need to .split() the input. - Steps - Create a python script named "calc.py" - It takes 1 command line argument (argv), which is the filename - We will store the calculations *and* results in this file - Create a method named "input_and_calculate_one_line" - It does not have any arguments - It reads one line via *input* - It splits the input (let's say "4 5 9" => [ "4", "5", "9") ]) - It calculates the result (f.i. 4+5+9 = 18) and stores it in a variable (use *sum* over the *list*) - It returns a string of the format "4 + 5 + 9 = 18" - If the line only contains a "q" it return "" (an empty string) - Create a method named "editor" that takes a filename as an argument - It opens the file for writing - It uses input_and_calculate_one_line in a while loop - while the return result is not "", we append the string to the file - When the return result is "", the function exits * 2020-05-29 *** Python #6: **** DONE Lecture content CLOSED: [2020-05-29 금 23:48] - Same structure as "Python #2" - Exercises 32-36 **** Lecture material - Available on https://cloud.ungleich.ch/s/435FyfrQyEq6oF3 * 2020-05-27 *** Python #5: **** DONE Lecture content CLOSED: [2020-05-27 수 22:30] - Same structure as "Python #2" - Exercises 27-31 **** Lecture material - Available on https://cloud.ungleich.ch/s/435FyfrQyEq6oF3 * 2020-05-25 *** Python #4: **** DONE Lecture content CLOSED: [2020-05-27 수 22:41] - Same structure as "Python #2" - Exercises 23-26 **** Lecture material - Available on https://cloud.ungleich.ch/s/435FyfrQyEq6oF3 * 2020-05-22 **** DONE Lecture content CLOSED: [2020-05-23 토 00:21] - Same structure as "Python #2" - Exercises 15-22 **** Lecture material - Available on https://cloud.ungleich.ch/s/435FyfrQyEq6oF3 * 2020-05-20 *** Python #2: **** DONE Lecture content CLOSED: [2020-05-20 수 22:47] - Read thoroughly & do exercises 8 to 14 - Focus on understanding - You don't have to type everything - But you should ensure you understand everything - Commit all source code to ~/ungleich-learning-circle/USERNAME/python-the-hard-way - Write down notes / what you learned in the *python.org* file - Notify your fellow students when you solved something - "I just solved exercise 4!" **** Lecture material - Available on https://cloud.ungleich.ch/s/435FyfrQyEq6oF3 * 2020-05-15 *** Python #1: **** Lecture notes - Ensure that you have python3 (at least 3.6) installed - Use emacs for editing source files - Commit all source code to ~/ungleich-learning-circle/USERNAME/python-the-hard-way **** DONE Lecture content CLOSED: [2020-05-19 화 23:47] - Read thoroughly & do exercise 0 to 7 - Commit your source code in git - Commit every time you have a task done - Make a new commit in git each time you finish (part of) a task - Do all exercises - Notify your fellow students when you solved something - Ask help to other students when you are stuck (but try to solve on your own before) **** Lecture material - Available on https://cloud.ungleich.ch/s/435FyfrQyEq6oF3 * 2020-05-15 *** cdist #6: Glueing it together **** Lecture content ***** Objective - Apply learnings from the previous cdist sessions ***** DONE Steps 1: *__all_in_one* (1.25h) CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 23:16] - Create a new type named *__all_in_one* - Decide yourself whether it is a singleton or not - Reason why in your cdist.org file - It should work on alpine, debian and fedora - It accepts the following parameters: - *--with-x* (boolean) - *--extra-packages* (optional multiple) - On Alpine, it should install netcat-openbsd and tshark - On Debian, it should install netcat tshark - On Fedora, it should install nmap-ncat wireshark-cli - On all operating systems install socat sipcalc sudo - If the detected operating system is neither Alpine/Debian/Fedora, output an error message and abort the manifest with exit code 1 - Additionally install all packages specified by the *--extra-packages* parameter ***** TODO Steps 2: *__firewall* (1.25h) - Create a new type *__my_firewall* - Add a *type explorer* to find out whether nft is present on the target system - Add a required parameter named *file* - If the type explorer does not detect nft on the target system, abort with an error message - Deploy the specified file to */etc/my-nftables* - Add a *type explorer* that reads the current nft rules - If the rules are different on the target host, apply the new ruleset by generating code in *gencode-remote* - If the filename specified by the *file* parameter is *-* (the minus sign), then the type should read from *stdin* ***** TODO Step 3: manifest (0.5h) - Create a new manifest in the folder that contains the initial manifest - Name the new manifest *firewall* - Source the *firewall* manifest in the *initial* manifest - In the *firewall* manifest, match on *localhost* - Install nftables - Use the *__firewall* type - Use correct *require* parameter to ensure that nftables is installed before the *__firewall* type is run * 2020-05-13 *** cdist #5: Generating Code & Exploring **** Lecture content ***** Objective - Understand how to *generate code* and when to use it - Exploring explorers ***** DONE Code generation steps CLOSED: [2020-05-14 목 00:54] - Modify the previously created type *__my_nginx_site* - Read about cdist messaging - If there was a change in the nginx configuration file, reload nginx ***** DONE Explorer steps CLOSED: [2020-05-14 목 00:54] - Modify the *__my_nginx_site* type to use the *os explorer* - Adjust your type to work on Alpine Linux and Debian (or two other Linux distributions of your choice) - Set the nginx configuration directory accordingly ***** DONE Documentation CLOSED: [2020-05-14 목 00:54] - Explain the following in your cdist.org file - What is the difference between gencode-remote and the remote code? - What is the difference between gencode-local and gencode-remote? - Locate a type that comes with upstream cdist that uses gencode-local - which one is it? Why does it need gencode-local? * 2020-05-11 *** cdist #4: Requirements **** Lecture content ***** Objective - Understand how requirements work ***** DONE Create a new type *__my_nginx* CLOSED: [2020-05-12 화 02:22] - Make it a *singleton* - Make it install nginx - Configure a host with it - Usually nginx is configured includes some files - On the target host find out which directory nginx includes - We name this directory *nginx_config_dir* ***** DONE Create a new type *__my_nginx_site* CLOSED: [2020-05-12 화 02:22] - Assume the *object_id* is a *domain* - In the __my_nginx_site create a file inside the *nginx_config_dir* - The filename is *${domain}.conf* - When using *__file*, it should *require* the *nginx package* - Read about cdist dependencies - The file should be a valid nginx configuration - The *server name* should be set to the specified domain - The *root* directive should point to /var/www/html/DOMAIN - (replace DOMAIN with the actual domain) ***** DONE Use both types in the initial manifest to configure the target host CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 21:07] - Create at least two domains ***** DONE Configure the target host CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 21:08] - Verify that the configuration files are properly created ***** DONE Delete the nginx package manually on the target host CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 21:08] ***** DONE Comment out *__my_nginx* from the initial manifest, keep the *__my_nginx_site* CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 21:08] - Explain the error that you get (in your cdist.org file) * 2020-05-08 *** cdist #3: type parameters **** Lecture content ***** DONE Create a new type named *__colourful_file* CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 20:29] - The objective is to create a type that creates colourful file - The content of the file should be "colour=...", where "..." is a colour specified by a parameter - Add an *optional parameter* named *colour* - Use the **__file** type inside your type to create a file - Use the *$__object_id* variable inside your type ***** DONE Extend your type to be more colourful CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 20:29] - Modify the *optional parameter* to be able to be specified *multiple times* - For each time it is specified, add a line "colour=..." to the file ***** DONE Create a new type *__my_dotfiles* CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 21:07] - Objective is to manage the dotfiles in your home directory - Make it a *singleton* type - Create a sub directory *files* in the type - Add your .emacs config to the files folder - Add a *for* loop to your type to deploy .[A-z]* to your home directory - Add a .bashrc or .zshrc to the files folder (depending on your shell) - In the initial manifest, add __my_dotfiles when the target host is localhost ***** DONE As usual commit all changes to your ungleich-learning-circle repo CLOSED: [2020-05-15 금 21:07] * 2020-05-06 *** cdist #2: Your first cdist type **** Lecture content ***** Objective ****** Begin to understand how cdist types function ***** Steps ****** Create a new type named `__my_computer` - Mark the type as a singleton type - Create a `manifest` file in it - Use this type to install the following packages: zsh, mosh, emacs, nmap, sipcalc - Edit the *initial manifest* and use **__my_computer** for **localhost** - Match using the $__target_host variable ****** Modify your type to use a *for loop* to install the packages ****** Deploy / manage your ~/.emacs file in this type - Ensure that permissions and ownership are correct ****** Use different *verbosity* levels when configuring ****** Ensure that all your changes are committed and pushed in your ungleich-learning-circle repository - Use magit inside emacs for that ***** Documentation steps to be done in cdist.org - Create a new org document named `cdist.org` in the same folder as the learning.org file - Explain the difference between a singleton and non-singleton type - Explain the difference between the different verbosity levels - Document (copy&paste) some of the cdist runs in a "log" section``` * 2020-05-04 *** cdist #1: Introduction **** Lecture content ***** Objective - Begin to use cdist ***** Steps - Checkout cdist quickstart https://www.cdi.st/manual/latest/cdist-quickstart.html - Install cdist locally - Create a new cdist configuration directory in ~/ungleich-learning-circle/USERNAME/dot-cdist - Create an empty initial manifest ("use touch") - Commit that status - Ensure that you can login as root to localhost via ssh without a password - Configure cdist to configures the motd of your localhost - Ensure you have a case block matching on $__target_host - Use the -c parameter to cdist to specify the configuration directory - Use the -vv parameter to get more verbose output - Search for / understand what MOTD stands for - Configure cdist to create the file /etc/cdist-configured - Configure cdist to setup the timezone on your local computer - Configure cdist to ensure emacs is installed - Ensure that in the end all changes are committed in your repository * 2020-05-01 *** Organisation #5: Emacs refresher **** Lecture content ***** Objective: get confident with emacs commands ***** Find out and document how to do the following steps - Search for something forward C-s - How to continue searching C-s C-s - Search for something backward C-r - Search for regular expressions instead of string (forward, backward) C-M-s C-M-r - Go to the beginning of the line C-a - Go to the end of the line C-e - Delete a word in front (to the right of the cursor) M-d - Delete a word in back (to the left of the cursor) M-BackSpace - List all "occurences" of a word in a file M-s o - You can copy above instructions into an emacs buffer - And test it by showing all occurences of the word "Search" - Search (GREP) for a word in all files in a directory RECURSIVELY M-x rgrep - Save the CURRENT buffer C-x C-s - Save ALL open files C-x-s - Split the window/buffer vertically C-x 2 - Split the window/buffer horizontally C-x 3 - Switch between the different windows C-x o - Close all buffers besides the active one C-x 1 - Don't kill it! - Close only the active buffer C-x 0 -* Don't kill it! - Kill the active buffer C-x k - Describe/Explain the difference between closing and killing - closing is that emac do not display the buffer. and the contents on the buffer are kept on behined screen. - killing is that emac delete the buffer. and if contents are not stored, it is losted - Switch between buffers that are not shown C-x b - Document two very similar, but slightly different ways - C-x b is that the selected buffer is displayed on the focused window - C-x C-b is that all buffers is dispalayed on the new window - C-x 4 b is that the selected buffer is displayed on the new window ***** Outcome - Document all above commands in your learning org sheet - Share your documentation at the end of the session (not before) * 2020-04-29 *** Organisation #4: Organising yourself **** Lecture content ***** Objective: have a todo list based on org mode ***** Steps - Configure the "org-directory" to be ~/ungleich-learning-circle/USERNAME/ - This is important as it will be used by the todo function later - Extend your function from the organisation #1 session - Instead of opening a fixed file, we include two variable parts: - The hostname of the machine - The year - Pressing F3 should open ~/ungleich-learning-circle/USERNAME/learning-$(hostname)-$(year).org - we call this "your personal agenda" - Configure mu4e to create a org-mode tasks from an email - Store these tasks in ~/ungleich-learning-circle/USERNAME/todo.org - Configure emacs to open the "org-agenda" with "C-c a" - List all TODO entries - List the agenda of the day - List the agenda of the week - Bind F8 to open the "org-todo-list" - Create some sample tasks in it ***** From now on, maintaining tasks should be - Pressing F3 to open your personal "logfile" - Adding a TODO item - Pressing F8 to see the tasks with priorities ***** Bonus tasks - Configure mu4e to store org-mode tasks in .../todo-$(hostname)-$(year).org * 2020-04-27 *** Organisation #3: Managing your emails **** Lecture content ***** Objective - Be able to manage all your mails in mu4e ***** Description - All email is synchronised using isync/mbsync - Email is indexed with mu (xapian backend) - Email is viewed in mu4e - All new emails arrive in the inbox ***** Steps - Install mu4e - Start mu4e in emacs - Configure mbsync for your ungleich mail account - Synchronise all mails into ~/Maildir/ungleich - This structure leaves room for other mail accounts, like ~/Maildir/gmail - Verify that mbsync synchronises the mail - Index mails using `mu` on the command line (only first time) - Configure mu4e to get email with mbsync -a - Configure mu4e to "archive" emails into ~/Maildir/ungleich/YEAR/ - This gives you a good performance / organisation for the next decades - Configure mu4e/emacs for sending emails - Send other participants an email via mu4e - Verify that it arrives - "Archive" it afterwards * 2020-04-24 *** Organisation #2: Creating, managing and sharing with "magit" **** Lecture content ***** Install "magit" for emacs ***** Bind C-x g to open magit-status in ~/.emacs ***** Create a new directory ~/ungleich-learning-circle/ (with emacs) - Use C-h b in dired mode to find out how to ***** Create a sub directory ~/ungleich-learning-circle/YOURNAME/ (with emacs) ***** Move your previously created learning.org file into ~/ungleich-learning-circle/YOURNAME/ (with emacs) ***** Initialise it with git (with magit) ***** Create the repo "ungleich-learning-circle" on code.ungleich.ch under your username ***** Add your remote on code.ungleich.ch to your local git repo with magit ***** Push your repo ***** Add a new remote of a another participant ***** Move your ~/learning.org to ~/notes ***** Commit that file with magit ***** Push the repo with magit ***** Merging the remote repo with the command line ***** End result: everyone has everything of everyone else * 2020-04-23 *** Organisation #1: org-mode introduction **** Lecture content ***** Install emacs ***** Install org-mode ***** Create a function that opens ~/learning.org in your ~/.emacs ***** Bind that function to "f3" (configure it in .emacs) ***** Create a new item named "2020-04-10" - Create a sub item "ungleich learning circle"