123 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
123 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
title: Kubernetes Network planning with IPv6
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---
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pub_date: 2021-06-26
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---
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author: ungleich
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---
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twitter_handle: ungleich
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---
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_hidden: no
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---
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_discoverable: no
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---
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abstract:
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Learn which networks are good to use with kubernetes
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---
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body:
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## Introduction
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While IPv6 has a huge address space, you will need to specify a
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**podCidr** (the network for the pods) and a **serviceCidr** (the
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network for the services) for kubernetes. In this blog article we show
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our findings and give a recommendation on what are the "most sensible"
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networks to use for kubernetes.
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## TL;DR
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## Kubernetes limitations
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In a typical IPv6 network, you would "just assign a /64" to anything
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that needs to be a network. It is a bit the IPv6-no-brainer way of
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handling networking.
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However, kubernetes has a limitation:
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[the serviceCidr cannot be bigger than a /108 at the
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moment](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/90115).
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This is something very atypical for the IPv6 world, but nothing we
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cannot handle. There are various pull requests and issues to fix this
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behaviour on github, some of them listed below:
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* https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/pull/1534
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* https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/79993
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* https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/90115 (this one is
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quite interesting to read)
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That said, it is possible to use a /64 for the **podCidr**.
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## The "correct way" without the /108 limitation
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If kubernetes did not have this limitation, our recommendation would
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be to use one /64 for the podCidr and one /64 for the serviceCidr. If
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in the future the limitations of kubernetes have been lifted, skip
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reading this article and just use two /64's.
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Do not be tempted to suggest making /108's the default, even if they
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"have enough space", because using /64's allows you to stay in much
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easier network plans.
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## Sanity checking the /108
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To be able to plan kubernetes clusters, it is important to know where
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they should live, especially if you plan having a lot of kubernetes
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clusters. Let's have a short look at the /108 network limitation:
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A /108 allows 20 bit to be used for generating addresses, or a total
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of 1048576 hosts. This is probably enough for the number of services
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in a cluster. Now, can we be consistent and also use a /108 for the
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podCidr? Let's assume for the moment that we do exactly that, so we
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run a maximum of 1048576 pods at the same time. Assuming each service
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consumes on average 4 pods, this would allow one to run 262144
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services.
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Assuming each pod uses around 0.1 CPUs and 100Mi RAM, if all pods were
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to run at the same time, you would need ca. 100'000 CPUs and 100 TB
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RAM. Assuming further that each node contains at maximum 128 CPUs and
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at maximum 1 TB RAM (quite powerful servers), we would need more than
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750 servers just for the CPUs.
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So we can reason that **we can** run kubernetes clusters of quite some
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size even with a **podCidr of /108**.
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## Organising /108's
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Let's assume that we organise all our kubernetes clusters in a single
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/64, like 2001:db8:1:2::/64, which looks like this:
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```
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% sipcalc 2001:db8:1:2::/64
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-[ipv6 : 2001:db8:1:2::/64] - 0
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[IPV6 INFO]
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Expanded Address - 2001:0db8:0001:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000
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Compressed address - 2001:db8:1:2::
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Subnet prefix (masked) - 2001:db8:1:2:0:0:0:0/64
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Address ID (masked) - 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/64
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Prefix address - ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0:0:0:0
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Prefix length - 64
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Address type - Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses
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Network range - 2001:0db8:0001:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000 -
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2001:0db8:0001:0002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
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```
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A /108 network on the other hand looks like this:
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```
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% sipcalc 2001:db8:1:2::/108
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-[ipv6 : 2001:db8:1:2::/108] - 0
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[IPV6 INFO]
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Expanded Address - 2001:0db8:0001:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000
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Compressed address - 2001:db8:1:2::
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Subnet prefix (masked) - 2001:db8:1:2:0:0:0:0/108
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Address ID (masked) - 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/108
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Prefix address - ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0:0
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Prefix length - 108
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Address type - Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses
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Network range - 2001:0db8:0001:0002:0000:0000:0000:0000 -
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2001:0db8:0001:0002:0000:0000:000f:ffff
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```
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Assuming for a moment that we assign a /108, this looks as follows:
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