cconn a transparent connection wrapper

cconn used the inventory system to dynamically connect to FreeBSD jail via
the host system and/or using sudo to get root access

This is more of a prove of concept then a finish idea.

.gitattributes

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
 docs/speeches export-ignore
 docs/video export-ignore
 docs/src/man7 export-ignore
-bin/build-helper export-ignore
+bin/cdist-build-helper export-ignore
 README-maintainers export-ignore

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
+---
+image: code.ungleich.ch:5050/ungleich-public/cdist/cdist-ci:latest
+
 stages:
     - test
 
-image: code.ungleich.ch:5050/ungleich-public/cdist/cdist-ci:latest
-
-unit_tests:
-    stage: test
-    script:
-        - ./bin/build-helper version
-        - ./bin/build-helper test
-
-pycodestyle:
-    stage: test
-    script:
-        - ./bin/build-helper pycodestyle
+before_script:
+    - ./bin/cdist-build-helper version
 
 shellcheck:
     stage: test
     script:
-        - ./bin/build-helper shellcheck
+        - ./bin/cdist-build-helper shellcheck
+
+pycodestyle:
+    stage: test
+    script:
+        - ./bin/cdist-build-helper pycodestyle
+
+unit_tests:
+    stage: test
+    script:
+        - ./bin/cdist-build-helper test

Makefile

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ version:
 	}
 
 # Manpages #3: generic part
-man: version $(MANTYPES) $(DOCSREF)
+man: version configskel $(MANTYPES) $(DOCSREF) $(DOCSTYPESREF)
 	$(SPHINXM)
 
 html: version configskel $(MANTYPES) $(DOCSREF) $(DOCSTYPESREF)
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ DOTMANTYPES=$(subst /man.rst,.rst,$(DOTMANTYPEPREFIX))
 $(DOTMAN7DSTDIR)/cdist-type%.rst: $(DOTTYPEDIR)/%/man.rst
 	ln -sf "$^" $@
 
-dotman: version $(DOTMANTYPES)
+dotman: version configskel $(DOTMANTYPES) $(DOCSREF) $(DOCSTYPESREF)
 	$(SPHINXM)
 
 ################################################################################

README-maintainers

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Maintainers should use ./bin/build-helper script.
+Maintainers should use ./bin/cdist-build-helper script.
 
 Makefile is intended for end users. It can be used for non-maintaining
 targets that can be run from pure source (without git repository).

bin/cdist

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
-# 2012 Nico Schottelius (nico-cdist at schottelius.org)
+# 2010-2016 Nico Schottelius (nico-cdist at schottelius.org)
+# 2016 Darko Poljak (darko.poljak at gmail.com)
 #
 # This file is part of cdist.
 #
@@ -20,14 +21,81 @@
 #
 #
 
-# Wrapper for real script to allow execution from checkout
-dir=${0%/*}
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
 
-# Ensure version is present - the bundled/shipped version contains a static version,
-# the git version contains a dynamic version
-"$dir/build-helper" version
+# See if this file's parent is cdist module
+# and if so add it to module search path.
+cdist_dir = os.path.realpath(
+    os.path.join(
+        os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)),
+        os.pardir))
+cdist_init_dir = os.path.join(cdist_dir, 'cdist', '__init__.py')
+if os.path.exists(cdist_init_dir):
+    sys.path.insert(0, cdist_dir)
 
-libdir=$(cd "${dir}/../" && pwd -P)
-export PYTHONPATH="${libdir}"
+import cdist            # noqa 402
+import cdist.argparse   # noqa 402
+import cdist.banner     # noqa 402
+import cdist.config     # noqa 402
+import cdist.install    # noqa 402
+import cdist.shell      # noqa 402
+import cdist.inventory  # noqa 402
 
-"$dir/../scripts/cdist" "$@"
+
+def commandline():
+    """Parse command line"""
+
+    # preos subcommand hack
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == 'preos':
+        return cdist.preos.PreOS.commandline(sys.argv[1:])
+    parser, cfg = cdist.argparse.parse_and_configure(sys.argv[1:])
+    args = cfg.get_args()
+
+    # Work around python 3.3 bug:
+    # http://bugs.python.org/issue16308
+    # http://bugs.python.org/issue9253
+
+    # FIXME: catching AttributeError also hides
+    # real problems.. try a different way
+
+    # FIXME: we always print main help, not
+    # the help of the actual parser being used!
+    try:
+        getattr(args, "func")
+    except AttributeError:
+        parser['main'].print_help()
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    args.func(args)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if sys.version < cdist.MIN_SUPPORTED_PYTHON_VERSION:
+        print('Python >= {} is required on the source host.'.format(
+                cdist.MIN_SUPPORTED_PYTHON_VERSIO), file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    exit_code = 0
+
+    try:
+        import re
+        import os
+
+        if re.match("__", os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])):
+            import cdist.emulator
+            emulator = cdist.emulator.Emulator(sys.argv)
+            emulator.run()
+        else:
+            commandline()
+
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        exit_code = 2
+
+    except cdist.Error as e:
+        log = logging.getLogger("cdist")
+        log.error(e)
+        exit_code = 1
+
+    sys.exit(exit_code)

bin/cdist-build-helper

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ usage() {
         shellcheck-manifests
         shellcheck-local-gencodes
         shellcheck-remote-gencodes
-        shellcheck-scripts
+        shellcheck-bin
         shellcheck-gencodes
         shellcheck-types
         shellcheck
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ case "$option" in
                     if (\$0 ~ /^$end/) {
                         exit
                     } else {
-                        print \$0 
+                        print \$0
                     }
                 }
             }" "$basedir/docs/changelog"
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ case "$option" in
 
         version=$1; shift
 
-        ( 
+        (
         cat << eof
 Subject: cdist $version has been released
 
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ eof
         make docs-clean
         make docs
 
-        ############################################################# 
+        #############################################################
         # Everything green, let's do the release
 
         # Tag the current commit
@@ -371,7 +371,6 @@ eof
 Manual steps post release:
     - cdist-web
     - send generated mailinglist.tmp mail
-    - twitter
 eof
     ;;
 
@@ -406,7 +405,7 @@ eof
     ;;
 
     pycodestyle|pep8)
-        pycodestyle "${basedir}" "${basedir}/scripts/cdist"
+        pycodestyle "${basedir}" "${basedir}/bin/cdist"
     ;;
 
     check-pycodestyle)
@@ -461,27 +460,34 @@ eof
         test ! -s "${SHELLCHECKTMP}" || { cat "${SHELLCHECKTMP}"; exit 1; }
     ;;
 
-    shellcheck-scripts)
+    # NOTE: shellcheck-scripts is kept for compatibility
+    shellcheck-bin|shellcheck-scripts)
         # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-        ${SHELLCHECKCMD} scripts/cdist-dump scripts/cdist-new-type > "${SHELLCHECKTMP}"
+        ${SHELLCHECKCMD} bin/cdist-dump bin/cdist-new-type > "${SHELLCHECKTMP}"
         test ! -s "${SHELLCHECKTMP}" || { cat "${SHELLCHECKTMP}"; exit 1; }
     ;;
 
     shellcheck-gencodes)
-        "$0" shellcheck-local-gencodes || exit 1
-        "$0" shellcheck-remote-gencodes || exit 1
+        errors=false
+        "$0" shellcheck-local-gencodes || errors=true
+        "$0" shellcheck-remote-gencodes || errors=true
+        ! $errors || exit 1
     ;;
 
     shellcheck-types)
-        "$0" shellcheck-type-explorers || exit 1
-        "$0" shellcheck-manifests || exit 1
-        "$0" shellcheck-gencodes || exit 1
+        errors=false
+        "$0" shellcheck-type-explorers || errors=true
+        "$0" shellcheck-manifests || errors=true
+        "$0" shellcheck-gencodes || errors=true
+        ! $errors || exit 1
     ;;
 
     shellcheck)
-        "$0" shellcheck-global-explorers || exit 1
-        "$0" shellcheck-types || exit 1
-        "$0" shellcheck-scripts || exit 1
+        errors=false
+        "$0" shellcheck-global-explorers || errors=true
+        "$0" shellcheck-types || errors=true
+        "$0" shellcheck-bin || errors=true
+        ! $errors || exit 1
     ;;
 
     shellcheck-type-files)
@@ -491,12 +497,14 @@ eof
     ;;
 
     shellcheck-with-files)
-        "$0" shellcheck || exit 1
-        "$0" shellcheck-type-files || exit 1
+        errors=false
+        "$0" shellcheck || errors=true
+        "$0" shellcheck-type-files || errors=true
+        ! $errors || exit 1
     ;;
 
     shellcheck-build-helper)
-        ${SHELLCHECKCMD} ./bin/build-helper
+        ${SHELLCHECKCMD} ./bin/cdist-build-helper
     ;;
 
     check-shellcheck)

cdist/__init__.py

@@ -22,11 +22,27 @@
 
 import os
 import hashlib
+import subprocess
 
 import cdist.log
-import cdist.version
 
-VERSION = cdist.version.VERSION
+
+VERSION = 'unknown version'
+
+try:
+    import cdist.version
+    VERSION = cdist.version.VERSION
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cdist_dir = os.path.abspath(
+        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.pardir))
+    if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(cdist_dir, '.git')):
+        try:
+            VERSION = subprocess.check_output(
+                ['git', 'describe', '--always'],
+                cwd=cdist_dir,
+                universal_newlines=True)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
 
 BANNER = """
              ..          .       .x+=:.        s
@@ -48,6 +64,9 @@ REMOTE_EXEC = "ssh -o User=root"
 REMOTE_CMDS_CLEANUP_PATTERN = "ssh -o User=root -O exit -S {}"
 
 
+MIN_SUPPORTED_PYTHON_VERSION = '3.5'
+
+
 class Error(Exception):
     """Base exception class for this project"""
     pass

cdist/argparse.py

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ import logging
 import collections
 import functools
 import cdist.configuration
+import cdist.log
 import cdist.preos
 import cdist.info
+import cdist.scan.commandline
 
 
 # set of beta sub-commands
-BETA_COMMANDS = set(('install', 'inventory', ))
+BETA_COMMANDS = set(('install', 'inventory', 'scan', ))
 # set of beta arguments for sub-commands
 BETA_ARGS = {
     'config': set(('tag', 'all_tagged_hosts', 'use_archiving', )),
@@ -125,6 +127,14 @@ def get_parsers():
                   'value.'),
             action='count', default=None)
 
+    parser['colored_output'] = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
+    parser['colored_output'].add_argument(
+            '--colors', metavar='WHEN',
+            help="Colorize cdist's output based on log level; "
+                 "WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto'.",
+            action='store', dest='colored_output', required=False,
+            choices=cdist.configuration.ColoredOutputOption.CHOICES)
+
     parser['beta'] = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
     parser['beta'].add_argument(
            '-b', '--beta',
@@ -197,6 +207,13 @@ def get_parsers():
                  'supported. Without argument CPU count is used by default. '),
            action='store', dest='jobs',
            const=multiprocessing.cpu_count())
+    parser['config_main'].add_argument(
+           '--log-server',
+           action='store_true',
+           help=('Start a log server for sub processes to use. '
+                 'This is mainly useful when running cdist nested '
+                 'from a code-local script. Log server is alwasy '
+                 'implicitly started for \'install\' command.'))
     parser['config_main'].add_argument(
            '-n', '--dry-run',
            help='Do not execute code.', action='store_true')
@@ -257,8 +274,7 @@ def get_parsers():
             '-f', '--file',
             help=('Read specified file for a list of additional hosts to '
                   'operate on or if \'-\' is given, read stdin (one host per '
-                  'line). If no host or host file is specified then, by '
-                  'default, read hosts from stdin.'),
+                  'line).'),
             dest='hostfile', required=False)
     parser['config_args'].add_argument(
            '-p', '--parallel', nargs='?', metavar='HOST_MAX',
@@ -283,6 +299,7 @@ def get_parsers():
             'host', nargs='*', help='Host(s) to operate on.')
     parser['config'] = parser['sub'].add_parser(
             'config', parents=[parser['loglevel'], parser['beta'],
+                               parser['colored_output'],
                                parser['common'],
                                parser['config_main'],
                                parser['inventory_common'],
@@ -301,6 +318,7 @@ def get_parsers():
 
     parser['add-host'] = parser['invsub'].add_parser(
             'add-host', parents=[parser['loglevel'], parser['beta'],
+                                 parser['colored_output'],
                                  parser['common'],
                                  parser['inventory_common']])
     parser['add-host'].add_argument(
@@ -308,13 +326,12 @@ def get_parsers():
     parser['add-host'].add_argument(
            '-f', '--file',
            help=('Read additional hosts to add from specified file '
-                 'or from stdin if \'-\' (each host on separate line). '
-                 'If no host or host file is specified then, by default, '
-                 'read from stdin.'),
+                 'or from stdin if \'-\' (each host on separate line). '),
            dest='hostfile', required=False)
 
     parser['add-tag'] = parser['invsub'].add_parser(
             'add-tag', parents=[parser['loglevel'], parser['beta'],
+                                parser['colored_output'],
                                 parser['common'],
                                 parser['inventory_common']])
     parser['add-tag'].add_argument(
@@ -323,20 +340,12 @@ def get_parsers():
     parser['add-tag'].add_argument(
            '-f', '--file',
            help=('Read additional hosts to add tags from specified file '
-                 'or from stdin if \'-\' (each host on separate line). '
-                 'If no host or host file is specified then, by default, '
-                 'read from stdin. If no tags/tagfile nor hosts/hostfile'
-                 ' are specified then tags are read from stdin and are'
-                 ' added to all hosts.'),
+                 'or from stdin if \'-\' (each host on separate line). '),
            dest='hostfile', required=False)
     parser['add-tag'].add_argument(
            '-T', '--tag-file',
            help=('Read additional tags to add from specified file '
-                 'or from stdin if \'-\' (each tag on separate line). '
-                 'If no tag or tag file is specified then, by default, '
-                 'read from stdin. If no tags/tagfile nor hosts/hostfile'
-                 ' are specified then tags are read from stdin and are'
-                 ' added to all hosts.'),
+                 'or from stdin if \'-\' (each tag on separate line). '),
            dest='tagfile', required=False)
     parser['add-tag'].add_argument(
            '-t', '--taglist',
@@ -346,6 +355,7 @@ def get_parsers():
 
     parser['del-host'] = parser['invsub'].add_parser(
             'del-host', parents=[parser['loglevel'], parser['beta'],
+                                 parser['colored_output'],
                                  parser['common'],
                                  parser['inventory_common']])
     parser['del-host'].add_argument(
@@ -356,13 +366,12 @@ def get_parsers():
     parser['del-host'].add_argument(
             '-f', '--file',
             help=('Read additional hosts to delete from specified file '
-                  'or from stdin if \'-\' (each host on separate line). '
-                  'If no host or host file is specified then, by default, '
-                  'read from stdin.'),
+                  'or from stdin if \'-\' (each host on separate line). '),
             dest='hostfile', required=False)
 
     parser['del-tag'] = parser['invsub'].add_parser(
             'del-tag', parents=[parser['loglevel'], parser['beta'],
+                                parser['colored_output'],
                                 parser['common'],
                                 parser['inventory_common']])
     parser['del-tag'].add_argument(
@@ -375,20 +384,13 @@ def get_parsers():
     parser['del-tag'].add_argument(
             '-f', '--file',
             help=('Read additional hosts to delete tags for from specified '
-                  'file or from stdin if \'-\' (each host on separate line). '
-                  'If no host or host file is specified then, by default, '
-                  'read from stdin. If no tags/tagfile nor hosts/hostfile'
-                  ' are specified then tags are read from stdin and are'
-                  ' deleted from all hosts.'),
+                  'file or from stdin if \'-\' (each host on separate '
+                  'line). '),
             dest='hostfile', required=False)
     parser['del-tag'].add_argument(
             '-T', '--tag-file',
             help=('Read additional tags from specified file '
-                  'or from stdin if \'-\' (each tag on separate line). '
-                  'If no tag or tag file is specified then, by default, '
-                  'read from stdin. If no tags/tagfile nor'
-                  ' hosts/hostfile are specified then tags are read from'
-                  ' stdin and are added to all hosts.'),
+                  'or from stdin if \'-\' (each tag on separate line). '),
             dest='tagfile', required=False)
     parser['del-tag'].add_argument(
             '-t', '--taglist',
@@ -398,6 +400,7 @@ def get_parsers():
 
     parser['list'] = parser['invsub'].add_parser(
             'list', parents=[parser['loglevel'], parser['beta'],
+                             parser['colored_output'],
                              parser['common'],
                              parser['inventory_common']])
     parser['list'].add_argument(
@@ -430,7 +433,7 @@ def get_parsers():
 
     # Shell
     parser['shell'] = parser['sub'].add_parser(
-            'shell', parents=[parser['loglevel']])
+            'shell', parents=[parser['loglevel'], parser['colored_output']])
     parser['shell'].add_argument(
             '-s', '--shell',
             help=('Select shell to use, defaults to current shell. Used shell'
@@ -468,6 +471,35 @@ def get_parsers():
             'pattern', nargs='?', help='Glob pattern.')
     parser['info'].set_defaults(func=cdist.info.Info.commandline)
 
+    # Scan = config + further
+    parser['scan'] = parser['sub'].add_parser('scan', add_help=False,
+                                              parents=[parser['config']])
+
+    parser['scan'] = parser['sub'].add_parser(
+            'scan', parents=[parser['loglevel'],
+                             parser['beta'],
+                             parser['colored_output'],
+                             parser['common'],
+                             parser['config_main']])
+
+    parser['scan'].add_argument(
+        '-m', '--mode', help='Which modes should run',
+        action='append', default=[],
+        choices=['scan', 'trigger'])
+    parser['scan'].add_argument(
+        '--config',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Try to configure detected hosts')
+    parser['scan'].add_argument(
+        '-I', '--interfaces',
+        action='append',  default=[],
+        help='On which interfaces to scan/trigger')
+    parser['scan'].add_argument(
+        '-d', '--delay',
+        action='store',  default=3600,
+        help='How long to wait before reconfiguring after last try')
+    parser['scan'].set_defaults(func=cdist.scan.commandline.commandline)
+
     for p in parser:
         parser[p].epilog = EPILOG
 
@@ -478,7 +510,12 @@ def handle_loglevel(args):
     if hasattr(args, 'quiet') and args.quiet:
         args.verbose = _verbosity_level_off
 
-    logging.root.setLevel(_verbosity_level[args.verbose])
+    logging.getLogger().setLevel(_verbosity_level[args.verbose])
+
+
+def handle_log_colors(args):
+    if cdist.configuration.ColoredOutputOption.translate(args.colored_output):
+        cdist.log.CdistFormatter.USE_COLORS = True
 
 
 def parse_and_configure(argv, singleton=True):
@@ -492,6 +529,7 @@ def parse_and_configure(argv, singleton=True):
         raise cdist.Error(str(e))
     # Loglevels are handled globally in here
     handle_loglevel(args)
+    handle_log_colors(args)
 
     log = logging.getLogger("cdist")
 

cdist/conf/explorer/cpu_cores

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ case "$os" in
     ;;
 
     "freebsd"|"netbsd")
+        PATH=$(getconf PATH)
         sysctl -n hw.ncpu
     ;;
 

cdist/conf/explorer/disks

@@ -30,9 +30,8 @@ case $uname_s in
         sysctl -n hw.disknames | grep -Eo '[lsw]d[0-9]+'
     ;;
     NetBSD)
-        PATH="${PATH}:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
-        sysctl -n hw.disknames \
-        | awk 'BEGIN { RS = " " } /^[lsw]d[0-9]+/'
+        PATH=$(getconf PATH)
+        sysctl -n hw.disknames | awk -v RS=' ' '/^[lsw]d[0-9]+/'
     ;;
     Linux)
         # list of major device numbers toexclude:

cdist/conf/explorer/machine_type

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #
 # 2014 Daniel Heule  (hda at sfs.biz)
 # 2014 Thomas Oettli (otho at sfs.biz)
+# 2020 Evilham (contact at evilham.com)
 #
 # This file is part of cdist.
 #
@@ -18,63 +19,91 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #
-#
 
-# FIXME: other system types (not linux ...)
+os=$("$__explorer/os")
 
-if [ -d "/proc/vz" ] && [ ! -d "/proc/bc" ]; then
-    echo openvz
-    exit
-fi
-
-if [ -e "/proc/1/environ" ] &&
-    tr '\000' '\n' < "/proc/1/environ" | grep -Eiq '^container='; then
-    echo lxc
-    exit
-fi
-
-if [ -r /proc/cpuinfo ]; then
-    # this should only exist on virtual guest machines,
-    # tested on vmware, xen, kvm
-    if grep -q "hypervisor" /proc/cpuinfo; then
-        # this file is aviable in xen guest systems
-        if [ -r /sys/hypervisor/type ]; then
-            if grep -q -i "xen" /sys/hypervisor/type; then
-                echo virtual_by_xen
-                exit 
+vendor_string_to_machine_type() {
+    for vendor in vmware bochs kvm qemu virtualbox bhyve; do
+        if echo "${1}" | grep -q -i "${vendor}"; then
+            if [ "${vendor}" = "bochs" ] || [ "${vendor}" = "qemu" ]; then
+                vendor="kvm"
             fi
-        else
-            if [ -r /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name ]; then
-                if grep -q -i 'vmware' /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name; then
-                    echo "virtual_by_vmware"
-                    exit
-                elif grep -q -i 'bochs' /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name; then
-                    echo "virtual_by_kvm"
-                    exit 
-                elif grep -q -i 'virtualbox' /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name; then
-                    echo "virtual_by_virtualbox"
-                    exit 
-                fi
-            fi
-
-            if [ -r /sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor ]; then
-                if grep -q -i 'qemu' /sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor; then
-                    echo "virtual_by_kvm"
-                    exit
-                fi
-            fi
-
-            if [ -r /sys/class/dmi/id/chassis_vendor ]; then
-                if grep -q -i 'qemu' /sys/class/dmi/id/chassis_vendor; then
-                    echo "virtual_by_kvm"
-                    exit
-                fi
-            fi                        
+            echo "virtual_by_${vendor}"
+            exit
         fi
-        echo "virtual_by_unknown"
-    else
-        echo "physical"
-    fi
-else
-    echo "unknown"
-fi
+    done
+}
+
+case "$os" in
+    "freebsd")
+        # FreeBSD does not have /proc/cpuinfo even when procfs is used.
+        # Instead there is a sysctl kern.vm_guest.
+        # Which is 'none' if physical, else the virtualisation.
+        vm_guest="$(sysctl -n kern.vm_guest 2>/dev/null || true)"
+        if [ -n "${vm_guest}" ]; then
+            if [ "${vm_guest}" = "none" ]; then
+                echo "physical"
+                exit
+            fi
+            echo "virtual_by_${vm_guest}"
+            exit
+        fi
+    ;;
+
+    "openbsd")
+        # OpenBSD can also use the sysctl's: hw.vendor or hw.product.
+        # Note we can be reasonably sure about a machine being virtualised
+        # as long as we can identify the virtualisation technology.
+        # But not so much about it being physical...
+        # Patches are welcome / reach out if you have better ideas.
+        for sysctl in hw.vendor hw.product; do
+            # This exits if we can make a reasonable judgement
+            vendor_string_to_machine_type "$(sysctl -n "${sysctl}")"
+        done
+    ;;
+
+    *)
+        # Defaulting to linux for compatibility with previous cdist behaviour
+
+        if [ -d "/proc/vz" ] && [ ! -d "/proc/bc" ]; then
+            echo openvz
+            exit
+        fi
+
+        if [ -e "/proc/1/environ" ] &&
+            tr '\000' '\n' < "/proc/1/environ" | grep -Eiq '^container='; then
+            echo lxc
+            exit
+        fi
+
+        if [ -r /proc/cpuinfo ]; then
+            # this should only exist on virtual guest machines,
+            # tested on vmware, xen, kvm, bhyve
+            if grep -q "hypervisor" /proc/cpuinfo; then
+                # this file is aviable in xen guest systems
+                if [ -r /sys/hypervisor/type ]; then
+                    if grep -q -i "xen" /sys/hypervisor/type; then
+                        echo virtual_by_xen
+                        exit
+                    fi
+                else
+                    for vendor_file in /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name \
+                                       /sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor \
+                                       /sys/class/dmi/id/chasis_vendor; do
+                        if [ -r ${vendor_file} ]; then
+                            # This exits if we can make a reasonable judgement
+                            vendor_string_to_machine_type "$(cat "${vendor_file}")"
+                        fi
+                    done
+                fi
+                echo "virtual_by_unknown"
+                exit
+            else
+                echo "physical"
+                exit
+            fi
+        fi
+    ;;
+esac
+
+echo "unknown"

cdist/conf/explorer/memory

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ case "$os" in
     ;;
 
     *"bsd")
+        PATH=$(getconf PATH)
         echo "$(sysctl -n hw.physmem) / 1048576" | bc
     ;;
 

cdist/conf/explorer/os

@@ -143,6 +143,13 @@ case "$uname_s" in
 esac
 
 if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
+   # after sles15, suse don't provide an /etc/SuSE-release anymore, but there is almost no difference between sles and opensuse leap, so call it suse
+   # shellcheck disable=SC1091
+   if (. /etc/os-release && echo "${ID_LIKE}" | grep -q '\(^\|\ \)suse\($\|\ \)')
+   then
+      echo suse
+      exit 0
+   fi
    # already lowercase, according to:
    # https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html
    awk -F= '/^ID=/ { if ($2 ~ /^'"'"'(.*)'"'"'$/ || $2 ~ /^"(.*)"$/) { print substr($2, 2, length($2) - 2) } else { print $2 } }' /etc/os-release

cdist/conf/explorer/os_version

@@ -31,7 +31,32 @@ case "$("$__explorer/os")" in
       cat /etc/arch-release
    ;;
    debian)
-      cat /etc/debian_version
+      debian_version=$(cat /etc/debian_version)
+      case $debian_version
+      in
+          testing/unstable)
+              # previous to Debian 4.0 testing/unstable was used
+              # cf. https://metadata.ftp-master.debian.org/changelogs/main/b/base-files/base-files_11_changelog
+              echo 3.99
+              ;;
+          */sid)
+              # sid versions don't have a number, so we decode by codename:
+              case $(expr "$debian_version" : '\([a-z]\{1,\}\)/')
+              in
+                  bullseye) echo 10.99 ;;
+                  buster) echo 9.99 ;;
+                  stretch) echo 8.99 ;;
+                  jessie) echo 7.99 ;;
+                  wheezy) echo 6.99 ;;
+                  squeeze) echo 5.99 ;;
+                  lenny) echo 4.99 ;;
+                  *) exit 1
+              esac
+              ;;
+          *)
+              echo "$debian_version"
+              ;;
+      esac
    ;;
    devuan)
       cat /etc/devuan_version
@@ -45,6 +70,11 @@ case "$("$__explorer/os")" in
    macosx)
       sw_vers -productVersion
    ;;
+   freebsd)
+      # Apparently uname -r is not a reliable way to get the patch level.
+      # See: https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=251743
+      freebsd-version
+   ;;
    *bsd|solaris)
       uname -r
    ;;
@@ -73,4 +103,4 @@ case "$("$__explorer/os")" in
    alpine)
        cat /etc/alpine-release
    ;;
-esac
+esac

cdist/conf/type/__acl/explorer/getent

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+getent passwd | awk -F: '{print "user:"$1}'
+getent group | awk -F: '{print "group:"$1}'

cdist/conf/type/__acl/gencode-remote

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ file_is="$( cat "$__object/explorer/file_is" )"
 
 if [ "$file_is" = 'missing' ] \
     && [ -z "$__cdist_dry_run" ] \
-    && \( [ ! -f "$__object/parameter/file" ] \
-        || [ ! -f "$__object/parameter/directory" ] \)
+    && [ ! -f "$__object/parameter/file" ] \
+    && [ ! -f "$__object/parameter/directory" ]
 then
     exit 0
 fi
@@ -47,28 +47,26 @@ then
 elif [ -f "$__object/parameter/entry" ]
 then
     acl_should="$( cat "$__object/parameter/entry" )"
-elif [ -f "$__object/parameter/acl" ]
-then
-    acl_should="$( cat "$__object/parameter/acl" )"
-elif
-    [ -f "$__object/parameter/user" ] \
-        || [ -f "$__object/parameter/group" ] \
-        || [ -f "$__object/parameter/mask" ] \
-        || [ -f "$__object/parameter/other" ]
-then
-    acl_should="$( for param in user group mask other
-    do
-        [ ! -f "$__object/parameter/$param" ] && continue
-
-        echo "$param" | grep -Eq 'mask|other' && sep=:: || sep=:
-
-        echo "$param$sep$( cat "$__object/parameter/$param" )"
-    done )"
 else
     echo 'no parameters set' >&2
     exit 1
 fi
 
+# instead of setfacl's non-helpful message "Option -m: Invalid argument near character X"
+# let's check if target has necessary users and groups, since mistyped or missing
+# users/groups in target is most common reason.
+echo "$acl_should" \
+    | grep -Po '(user|group):[^:]+' \
+    | sort -u \
+    | while read -r l
+    do
+        if ! grep "$l" -Fxq "$__object/explorer/getent"
+        then
+            echo "no $l' in target" | sed "s/:/ '/" >&2
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    done
+
 if [ -f "$__object/parameter/default" ]
 then
     acl_should="$( echo "$acl_should" \

cdist/conf/type/__acl/man.rst

@@ -12,11 +12,14 @@ Fully supported and tested on Linux (ext4 filesystem), partial support for FreeB
 
 See ``setfacl`` and ``acl`` manpages for more details.
 
+One of ``--entry`` or ``--source`` must be used.
 
-REQUIRED MULTIPLE PARAMETERS
+
+OPTIONAL MULTIPLE PARAMETERS
 ----------------------------
 entry
    Set ACL entry following ``getfacl`` output syntax.
+   Must be used if ``--source`` is not used.
 
 
 OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ source
    Read ACL entries from stdin or file.
    Ordering of entries is not important.
    When reading from file, comments and empty lines are ignored.
+   Must be used if ``--entry`` is not used.
 
 file
    Create/change file with ``__file`` using ``user:group:mode`` pattern.
@@ -48,12 +52,6 @@ remove
    ``mask`` and ``other`` entries can't be removed, but only changed.
 
 
-DEPRECATED PARAMETERS
----------------------
-Parameters ``acl``, ``user``, ``group``, ``mask`` and ``other`` are deprecated and they
-will be removed in future versions. Please use ``entry`` parameter instead.
-
-
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 

cdist/conf/type/__acl/parameter/deprecated/acl

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-see manual for details

cdist/conf/type/__acl/parameter/deprecated/group

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-see manual for details

cdist/conf/type/__acl/parameter/deprecated/mask

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-see manual for details

cdist/conf/type/__acl/parameter/deprecated/other

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-see manual for details

cdist/conf/type/__acl/parameter/deprecated/user

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-see manual for details

cdist/conf/type/__acl/parameter/optional

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-mask
-other
 source
 file
 directory

cdist/conf/type/__acl/parameter/optional_multiple

@@ -1,4 +1 @@
 entry
-acl
-user
-group

cdist/conf/type/__apt_backports/man.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+cdist-type__debian_backports(7)
+===============================
+
+NAME
+----
+cdist-type__apt_backports - Install backports
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This singleton type installs backports for the current OS release.
+It aborts if backports are not supported for the specified OS or
+no version codename could be fetched (like Debian unstable).
+
+The package index will be automatically updated if required.
+
+It supports backports from following OSes:
+
+- Debian
+- Devuan
+- Ubuntu
+
+
+REQUIRED PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+None.
+
+
+OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+state
+    Represents the state of the backports repository. ``present`` or
+    ``absent``, defaults to ``present``.
+
+    Will be directly passed to :strong:`cdist-type__apt_source`\ (7).
+
+mirror
+    The mirror to fetch the backports from. Will defaults to the generic
+    mirror of the current OS.
+
+    Will be directly passed to :strong:`cdist-type__apt_source`\ (7).
+
+
+BOOLEAN PARAMETERS
+------------------
+None.
+
+
+MESSAGES
+--------
+None.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+   # setup the backports
+   __apt_backports
+   __apt_backports --state absent
+   __apt_backports --state present --mirror "http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/"
+
+   # install a backports package
+   # currently for the buster release backports
+   require="__apt_backports" __package_apt wireguard \
+        --target-release buster-backports
+
+
+ABORTS
+------
+Aborts if the detected os is not Debian.
+
+Aborts if no distribuition codename could be detected. This is common for the
+unstable distribution, but there is no backports repository for it already.
+
+
+CAVEATS
+-------
+For Ubuntu, it setup all componenents for the backports repository: ``main``,
+``restricted``, ``universe`` and ``multiverse``. The user may not want to
+install proprietary packages, which will only be installed if the user
+explicitly uses the backports target-release. The user may change this behavior
+to install backports packages without the need of explicitly select it.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+`Official Debian Backports site <https://backports.debian.org/>`_
+
+:strong:`cdist-type__apt_source`\ (7)
+
+
+AUTHORS
+-------
+Matthias Stecher <matthiasstecher at gmx.de>
+
+
+COPYING
+-------
+Copyright \(C) 2020 Matthias Stecher. You can redistribute it
+and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+License, or (at your option) any later version.

cdist/conf/type/__apt_backports/manifest

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+# __apt_backports/manifest
+#
+# 2020 Matthias Stecher (matthiasstecher at gmx.de)
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+#
+# Enables/disables backports repository. Utilises __apt_source for it.
+#
+
+
+# Get the distribution codename by /etc/os-release.
+#  is already executed in a subshell by string substitution
+#  lsb_release may not be given in all installations
+codename_os_release() {
+    # shellcheck disable=SC1090
+    . "$__global/explorer/os_release"
+    printf "%s" "$VERSION_CODENAME"
+}
+
+# detect backport distribution
+os="$(cat "$__global/explorer/os")"
+case "$os" in
+    debian)
+        dist="$( codename_os_release )"
+        components="main"
+        mirror="http://deb.debian.org/debian/"
+        ;;
+    devuan)
+        dist="$( codename_os_release )"
+        components="main"
+        mirror="http://deb.devuan.org/merged"
+        ;;
+    ubuntu)
+        dist="$( codename_os_release )"
+        components="main restricted universe multiverse"
+        mirror="http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu"
+        ;;
+
+    *)
+        printf "Backports for %s are not supported!\n" "$os" >&2
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+esac
+
+# error if no codename given (e.g. on Debian unstable)
+if [ -z "$dist" ]; then
+    printf "No backports for unkown version of distribution %s!\n" "$os" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+
+# parameters
+state="$(cat "$__object/parameter/state")"
+
+# mirror already set for the os, only override user-values
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/mirror" ]; then
+    mirror="$(cat "$__object/parameter/mirror")"
+fi
+
+
+# install the given backports repository
+__apt_source "${dist}-backports" \
+    --state "$state" \
+    --distribution "${dist}-backports" \
+    --component "$components" \
+    --uri "$mirror"

cdist/conf/type/__apt_backports/parameter/default/state

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+present

cdist/conf/type/__apt_backports/parameter/optional

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+state
+mirror

cdist/conf/type/__apt_norecommends/man.rst

@@ -32,11 +32,12 @@ EXAMPLES
 AUTHORS
 -------
 Steven Armstrong <steven-cdist--@--armstrong.cc>
+Dennis Camera <dennis.camera--@--ssrq-sds-fds.ch>
 
 
 COPYING
 -------
-Copyright \(C) 2014 Steven Armstrong. You can redistribute it
-and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
-License, or (at your option) any later version.
+Copyright \(C) 2014 Steven Armstrong, 2020 Dennis Camera.
+You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
+the License, or (at your option) any later version.

cdist/conf/type/__apt_norecommends/manifest

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh -e
 #
 # 2014 Steven Armstrong (steven-cdist at armstrong.cc)
+# 2020 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera at ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
 #
 # This file is part of cdist.
 #
@@ -19,26 +20,28 @@
 #
 
 
-os=$(cat "$__global/explorer/os")
+os=$(cat "${__global:?}/explorer/os")
 
-case "$os" in
-   ubuntu|debian|devuan)
-      # No stinking recommends thank you very much.
-      # If I want something installed I will do so myself.
-      __file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99-no-recommends \
-         --owner root --group root --mode 644 \
-         --source - << DONE
-APT::Install-Recommends "0";
-APT::Install-Suggests "0";
-APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant "0";
-APT::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant "0";
-DONE
-   ;;
-   *)
-      cat >&2 << DONE
+case ${os}
+in
+	(ubuntu|debian|devuan)
+		__file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00InstallRecommends --state present \
+			--owner root --group root --mode 0644 --source - <<-'EOF'
+		APT::Install-Recommends "false";
+		APT::Install-Suggests "false";
+		APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant "false";
+		APT::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant "false";
+		EOF
+
+		# TODO: Remove the following object after some time
+		require=__file/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00InstallRecommends \
+		__file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99-no-recommends --state absent
+		;;
+	(*)
+		cat >&2 <<EOF
 The developer of this type (${__type##*/}) did not think your operating system
 ($os) would have any use for it. If you think otherwise please submit a patch.
-DONE
-      exit 1
-   ;;
+EOF
+		exit 1
+		;;
 esac

cdist/conf/type/__block/gencode-remote

@@ -46,28 +46,29 @@ fi
 
 remove_block() {
    cat << DONE
-tmpfile=\$(mktemp ${file}.cdist.XXXXXXXXXX)
+tmpfile=\$(mktemp ${quoted_file}.cdist.XXXXXXXXXX)
 # preserve ownership and permissions of existing file
-if [ -f "$file" ]; then
-   cp -p "$file" "\$tmpfile"
+if [ -f $quoted_file ]; then
+   cp -p $quoted_file "\$tmpfile"
 fi
-awk -v prefix=^$(quote "$prefix")\$ -v suffix=^$(quote "$suffix")\$ '
+awk -v prefix=$(quote "$prefix") -v suffix=$(quote "$suffix") '
 {
-   if (match(\$0,prefix)) {
+   if (\$0 == prefix) {
       triggered=1
    }
    if (triggered) {
-      if (match(\$0,suffix)) {
+      if (\$0 == suffix) {
          triggered=0
       }
    } else {
       print
    }
-}' "$file" > "\$tmpfile"
-mv -f "\$tmpfile" "$file"
+}' $quoted_file > "\$tmpfile"
+mv -f "\$tmpfile" $quoted_file
 DONE
 }
 
+quoted_file="$(quote "$file")"
 case "$state_should" in
    present)
       if [ "$state_is" = "changed" ]; then
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ case "$state_should" in
          echo add >> "$__messages_out"
       fi
       cat << DONE
-cat >> "$file" << ${__type##*/}_DONE
+cat >> $quoted_file << '${__type##*/}_DONE'
 $(cat "$block")
 ${__type##*/}_DONE
 DONE

cdist/conf/type/__clean_path/explorer/list

@@ -18,7 +18,12 @@
 # along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #
 
-path="/$__object_id"
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/path" ]
+then
+    path="$( cat "$__object/parameter/path" )"
+else
+    path="/$__object_id"
+fi
 
 [ ! -d "$path" ] && exit 0
 

cdist/conf/type/__clean_path/gencode-remote

@@ -20,7 +20,12 @@
 
 [ ! -s "$__object/explorer/list" ] && exit 0
 
-path="/$__object_id"
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/path" ]
+then
+    path="$( cat "$__object/parameter/path" )"
+else
+    path="/$__object_id"
+fi
 
 pattern="$( cat "$__object/parameter/pattern" )"
 

cdist/conf/type/__clean_path/man.rst

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Remove files and directories which match the pattern.
 
-Provided path (as __object_id) must be a directory.
+Provided path must be a directory.
 
 Patterns are passed to ``find``'s ``-regex`` - see ``find(1)`` for more details.
 
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ pattern
 
 OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
 -------------------
+path
+   Path which will be cleaned. Defaults to ``$__object_id``.
+
 exclude
    Pattern of files which are excluded from removal.
 
@@ -46,6 +49,11 @@ EXAMPLES
         --exclude '.+\(charset\.conf\|security\.conf\)' \
         --onchange 'service apache2 restart'
 
+    __clean_path apache2-conf-enabled \
+        --path /etc/apache2/conf-enabled \
+        --pattern '.+' \
+        --exclude '.+\(charset\.conf\|security\.conf\)' \
+        --onchange 'service apache2 restart'
 
 AUTHORS
 -------

cdist/conf/type/__clean_path/parameter/optional

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 exclude
 onchange
+path

cdist/conf/type/__cron/man.rst

@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ command
 
 OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
 -------------------
+**NOTE**: All time-related parameters (``--minute``, ``--hour``, ``--day_of_month``
+``--month`` and ``--day_of_week``) defaults to ``*``, which means to execute it
+**always**. If you set ``--hour 0`` to execute the cronjob only at midnight, it
+will execute **every** minute in the first hour of the morning all days.
+
 state
    Either present or absent. Defaults to present.
 minute

cdist/conf/type/__directory/explorer/stat

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ fallback() {
    gid=$(echo "$ls_line" | awk '{ print $4 }')
 
    owner=$(awk -F: -v uid="$uid" '$3 == uid { print $1; f=1 } END { if (!f) print "UNKNOWN" }' /etc/passwd)
-   group=$(awk -F: -v uid="$uid" '$3 == uid { print $1; f=1 } END { if (!f) print "UNKNOWN" }' /etc/group)
+   group=$(awk -F: -v gid="$gid" '$3 == gid { print $1; f=1 } END { if (!f) print "UNKNOWN" }' /etc/group)
 
    mode_text=$(echo "$ls_line" | awk '{ print $1 }')
-   mode=$(echo "$mode_text" | awk '{ k=0; for (i=0; i<=8; i++) k += ((substr($1, i+2, 1) ~ /[rwx]/) * 2^(8-i)); printf("%0o", k) }')
+   mode=$(echo "$mode_text" | awk '{for(i=8;i>=0;--i){c=substr($1,10-i,1);k+=((c~/[rwxst]/)*2^i);if(!(i%3))k+=(tolower(c)~/[lst]/)*2^(9+i/3)}printf("%04o",k)}')
 
    printf 'type: %s\nowner: %d %s\ngroup: %d %s\nmode: %s %s\n' \
       "$("$__type_explorer/type")" \
@@ -45,56 +45,27 @@ fallback() {
 # nothing to work with, nothing we could do
 [ -e "$destination" ] || exit 0
 
-if ! command -v stat >/dev/null
-then
+command -v stat >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
    fallback
    exit
-fi
+}
 
-case $("$__explorer/os") in
-   "freebsd"|"netbsd"|"openbsd"|"macosx")
-      stat -f "type: %HT
+case $("$__explorer/os")
+in
+   freebsd|netbsd|openbsd|macosx)
+      stat -f 'type: %HT
 owner: %Du %Su
 group: %Dg %Sg
-mode: %Lp %Sp
-" "$destination" | awk '/^type/ { print tolower($0); next } { print }'
+mode: %Mp%03Lp %Sp
+' "$destination" | awk '/^type/ { print tolower($0); next } { print }'
       ;;
-    solaris)
-        ls1="$( ls -ld "$destination" )"
-        ls2="$( ls -ldn "$destination" )"
-
-        if [ -f "$__object/parameter/mode" ]
-        then mode_should="$( cat "$__object/parameter/mode" )"
-        fi
-
-        # yes, it is ugly hack, but if you know better way...
-        if [ -z "$( find "$destination" -perm "$mode_should" )" ]
-        then octets=888
-        else octets="$( echo "$mode_should" | sed 's/^0//' )"
-        fi
-
-        case "$( echo "$ls1" | cut -c1-1 )" in
-            -) echo 'type: regular file' ;;
-            d) echo 'type: directory' ;;
-        esac
-
-        echo "owner: $( echo "$ls2" \
-            | awk '{print $3}' ) $( echo "$ls1" \
-                | awk '{print $3}' )"
-
-        echo "group: $( echo "$ls2" \
-            | awk '{print $4}' ) $( echo "$ls1" \
-                | awk '{print $4}' )"
-
-        echo "mode: $octets $( echo "$ls1" | awk '{print $1}' )"
-    ;;
    *)
       # NOTE: Do not use --printf here as it is not supported by BusyBox stat.
       # NOTE: BusyBox's stat might not support the "-c" option, in which case
       #       we fall through to the shell fallback.
-       stat -c "type: %F
+      stat -c 'type: %F
 owner: %u %U
 group: %g %G
-mode: %a %A" "$destination" 2>/dev/null || fallback
-   ;;
+mode: %04a %A' "$destination" 2>/dev/null || fallback
+      ;;
 esac

cdist/conf/type/__directory/gencode-remote

@@ -97,9 +97,11 @@ case "$state_should" in
             value_should="$(cat "$__object/parameter/$attribute")"
             value_is="$(get_current_value "$attribute" "$value_should")"
 
-            # change 0xxx format to xxx format => same as stat returns
+            # format mode in four digits => same as stat returns
             if [ "$attribute" = mode ]; then
-                value_should="$(echo "$value_should" | sed 's/^0\(...\)/\1/')"
+                # Convert to four-digit octal number (printf interprets
+                # strings with leading 0s as octal!)
+                value_should=$(printf '%04o' "0${value_should}")
             fi
 
             if [ "$set_attributes" = 1 ] || [ "$value_should" != "$value_is" ]; then

cdist/conf/type/__dot_file/man.rst

@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ user
 OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
 -------------------
 
+dirmode
+    forwarded to :strong:`__directory` type as mode
+
 mode
     forwarded to :strong:`__file` type
 

cdist/conf/type/__dot_file/manifest

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ set -eu
 user="$(cat "${__object}/parameter/user")"
 home="$(cat "${__object}/explorer/home")"
 primary_group="$(cat "${__object}/explorer/primary_group")"
+dirmode="$(cat "${__object}/parameter/dirmode")"
 
 # Create parent directory. Type __directory has flag 'parents', but it
 # will leave us with root-owned directory in user home, which is not
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ export CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY
 for dir ; do
 	__directory "${home}/${dir}"   \
 	    --group "${primary_group}" \
+            --mode "${dirmode}" \
 	    --owner "${user}"
 done
 

cdist/conf/type/__dot_file/parameter/default/dirmode

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0700

cdist/conf/type/__dot_file/parameter/optional

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 state
 mode
 source
+dirmode

cdist/conf/type/__download/explorer/remote_cmd

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/cmd-get" ]
+then
+    cmd="$( cat "$__object/parameter/cmd-get" )"
+
+elif command -v curl > /dev/null
+then
+    cmd="curl -L -o - '%s'"
+
+elif command -v fetch > /dev/null
+then
+    cmd="fetch -o - '%s'"
+
+else
+    cmd="wget -O - '%s'"
+fi
+
+echo "$cmd"

cdist/conf/type/__download/explorer/state

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+dst="/$__object_id"
+
+if [ ! -f "$dst" ]
+then
+    echo 'absent'
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+sum_should="$( cat "$__object/parameter/sum" )"
+
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/cmd-sum" ]
+then
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2059
+    sum_is="$( eval "$( printf \
+        "$( cat "$__object/parameter/cmd-sum" )" \
+        "$dst" )" )"
+else
+    os="$( "$__explorer/os" )"
+
+    if echo "$sum_should" | grep -Eq '^[0-9]+\s[0-9]+$'
+    then
+        sum_is="$( cksum "$dst" | awk '{print $1" "$2}' )"
+
+    elif echo "$sum_should" | grep -Eiq '^md5:[a-f0-9]{32}$'
+    then
+        case "$os" in
+            freebsd)
+                sum_is="md5:$( md5 -q "$dst" )"
+            ;;
+            *)
+                sum_is="md5:$( md5sum "$dst" | awk '{print $1}' )"
+            ;;
+        esac
+
+    elif echo "$sum_should" | grep -Eiq '^sha1:[a-f0-9]{40}$'
+    then
+        case "$os" in
+            freebsd)
+                sum_is="sha1:$( sha1 -q "$dst" )"
+            ;;
+            *)
+                sum_is="sha1:$( sha1sum "$dst" | awk '{print $1}' )"
+            ;;
+        esac
+
+    elif echo "$sum_should" | grep -Eiq '^sha256:[a-f0-9]{64}$'
+    then
+        case "$os" in
+            freebsd)
+                sum_is="sha256:$( sha256 -q "$dst" )"
+            ;;
+            *)
+                sum_is="sha256:$( sha256sum "$dst" | awk '{print $1}' )"
+            ;;
+        esac
+    fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$sum_is" ]
+then
+    echo 'no checksum from target' >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$sum_is" = "$sum_should" ]
+then
+    echo 'present'
+else
+    echo 'mismatch'
+fi

cdist/conf/type/__download/gencode-local

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+download="$( cat "$__object/parameter/download" )"
+
+state_is="$( cat "$__object/explorer/state" )"
+
+if [ "$download" != 'local' ] || [ "$state_is" = 'present' ]
+then
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+url="$( cat "$__object/parameter/url" )"
+
+tmp="$( mktemp )"
+
+dst="/$__object_id"
+
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/cmd-get" ]
+then
+    cmd="$( cat "$__object/parameter/cmd-get" )"
+
+elif command -v wget > /dev/null
+then
+    cmd="wget -O - '%s'"
+
+elif command -v curl > /dev/null
+then
+    cmd="curl -L -o - '%s'"
+
+elif command -v fetch > /dev/null
+then
+    cmd="fetch -o - '%s'"
+
+else
+    echo 'no usable locally installed utility for downloading' >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+printf "$cmd > %s\n" \
+    "$url" \
+    "$tmp"
+
+if echo "$__target_host" | grep -Eq '^[0-9a-fA-F:]+$'
+then
+    target_host="[$__target_host]"
+else
+    target_host="$__target_host"
+fi
+
+printf '%s %s %s:%s\n' \
+    "$__remote_copy" \
+    "$tmp" \
+    "$target_host" \
+    "$dst"
+
+echo "rm -f '$tmp'"
+
+echo 'downloaded' > "$__messages_out"

cdist/conf/type/__download/gencode-remote

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+download="$( cat "$__object/parameter/download" )"
+
+state_is="$( cat "$__object/explorer/state" )"
+
+if [ "$download" = 'remote' ] && [ "$state_is" != 'present' ]
+then
+    cmd="$( cat "$__object/explorer/remote_cmd" )"
+
+    url="$( cat "$__object/parameter/url" )"
+
+    dst="/$__object_id"
+
+    printf "$cmd > %s\n" \
+        "$url" \
+        "$dst"
+
+    echo 'downloaded' > "$__messages_out"
+fi
+
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/onchange" ] && [ "$state_is" != "present" ]
+then
+    cat "$__object/parameter/onchange"
+fi

cdist/conf/type/__download/man.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+cdist-type__download(7)
+=======================
+
+NAME
+----
+cdist-type__download - Download a file
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Destination (``$__object_id``) in target host must be persistent storage
+in order to calculate checksum and decide if file must be (re-)downloaded.
+
+By default type will try to use ``wget``, ``curl`` or ``fetch``.
+If download happens in target (see ``--download``) then type will
+fallback to (and install) ``wget``.
+
+If download happens in local machine, then environment variables like
+``{http,https,ftp}_proxy`` etc can be used on cdist execution
+(``http_proxy=foo cdist config ...``).
+
+
+REQUIRED PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+url
+   File's URL.
+
+sum
+   Checksum of file going to be downloaded.
+   By default output of ``cksum`` without filename is expected.
+   Other hash formats supported with prefixes: ``md5:``, ``sha1:`` and ``sha256:``.
+
+
+OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+download
+   If ``local`` (default), then download file to local storage and copy
+   it to target host. If ``remote``, then download happens in target.
+
+cmd-get
+   Command used for downloading.
+   Command must output to ``stdout``.
+   Parameter will be used for ``printf`` and must include only one
+   format specification ``%s`` which will become URL.
+   For example: ``wget -O - '%s'``.
+
+cmd-sum
+   Command used for checksum calculation.
+   Command output and ``--sum`` parameter must match.
+   Parameter will be used for ``printf`` and must include only one
+   format specification ``%s`` which will become destination.
+   For example: ``md5sum '%s' | awk '{print $1}'``.
+
+onchange
+   Execute this command after download.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    __directory /opt/cpma
+
+    require='__directory/opt/cpma' \
+        __download /opt/cpma/cnq3.zip \
+            --url https://cdn.playmorepromode.com/files/cnq3/cnq3-1.51.zip \
+            --sum md5:46da3021ca9eace277115ec9106c5b46
+
+    require='__download/opt/cpma/cnq3.zip' \
+        __unpack /opt/cpma/cnq3.zip \
+            --backup-destination \
+            --preserve-archive \
+            --destination /opt/cpma/server
+
+
+AUTHORS
+-------
+Ander Punnar <ander-at-kvlt-dot-ee>
+
+
+COPYING
+-------
+Copyright \(C) 2020 Ander Punnar. You can redistribute it
+and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+License, or (at your option) any later version.

cdist/conf/type/__download/manifest

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+if grep -Eq '^wget' "$__object/explorer/remote_cmd"
+then
+    __package wget
+fi

cdist/conf/type/__download/parameter/default/download

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+local

cdist/conf/type/__download/parameter/optional

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+cmd-get
+cmd-sum
+download
+onchange

cdist/conf/type/__download/parameter/required

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+url
+sum

cdist/conf/type/__dpkg_architecture/explorer/architecture

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+# __dpkg_architecture/explorer/architecture
+#
+# 2020 Matthias Stecher <matthiasstecher at gmx.de>
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+# Get the main architecture of this machine
+
+
+# print or die in the gencode-remote
+dpkg --print-architecture || true

cdist/conf/type/__dpkg_architecture/explorer/foreign-architectures

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+# __dpkg_architecture/explorer/foreign-architectures
+#
+# 2020 Matthias Stecher <matthiasstecher at gmx.de>
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+# Print all additional architectures
+
+
+# print or die in the gencode-remote
+dpkg --print-foreign-architectures || true

cdist/conf/type/__dpkg_architecture/gencode-remote

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+# __dpkg_architecture/gencode-remote
+#
+# 2020 Matthias Stecher <matthiasstecher at gmx.de>
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+
+# Get parameter and explorer
+state_should="$(cat "$__object/parameter/state")"
+arch_wanted="$__object_id"
+main_arch="$(cat "$__object/explorer/architecture")"
+
+# Exit here if dpkg do not work (empty explorer)
+if [ -z "$main_arch" ]; then
+    echo "dpkg is not available or unable to detect a architecture!" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+
+# Check if requested architecture is the main one
+if [ "$arch_wanted" = "$main_arch" ]; then
+    # higher than present; we can not remove it
+    state_is="present"
+    caution="yes"
+
+# Check if the architecture not already used
+elif grep -qFx "$arch_wanted" "$__object/explorer/foreign-architectures"; then
+    state_is="present"
+
+# arch does not exist
+else
+    state_is="absent"
+fi
+
+
+# Check what to do
+if [ "$state_is" != "$state_should" ]; then
+    case "$state_should" in
+        present)
+            # print add code
+            printf "dpkg --add-architecture '%s'\n" "$arch_wanted"
+            # updating the index to make the new architecture available
+            echo "apt update"
+
+            echo added >> "$__messages_out"
+            ;;
+
+        absent)
+            if [ "$caution" ]; then
+                printf "can not remove the main arch '%s' of the system!\n" "$main_arch" >&2
+                exit 1
+            fi
+
+            # removing all existing packages for the architecture
+            printf "apt purge '.*:%s'\n" "$arch_wanted"
+            # print remove code
+            printf "dpkg --remove-architecture '%s'\n" "$arch_wanted"
+
+            echo removed >> "$__messages_out"
+            ;;
+
+        *)
+            printf "state '%s' is unknown!\n" "$state_should" >&2
+            exit 1
+            ;;
+    esac
+fi

cdist/conf/type/__dpkg_architecture/man.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+cdist-type__dpkg_architecture(7)
+================================
+
+NAME
+----
+cdist-type__dpkg_architecture - Handles foreign architectures on debian-like
+systems managed by `dpkg`
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This type handles foreign architectures on systems managed by
+:strong:`dpkg`\ (1). The object id is the name of the architecture accepted by
+`dpkg`, which should be added or removed.
+
+If the architecture is not setup on the system, it adds a new architecture as a
+new foreign architecture in `dpkg`. Then, it updates the apt package index to
+make packages from the new architecture available.
+
+If the architecture should be removed, it will remove it if it is not the base
+architecture on where the system was installed on. Before it, it will purge
+every package based on the "to be removed" architecture via `apt` to be able to
+remove the selected architecture.
+
+
+REQUIRED PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+None.
+
+
+OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+state
+    ``present`` or ``absent``. Defaults to ``present``.
+
+
+MESSAGES
+--------
+added
+   Added the specified architecture
+
+removed
+   Removed the specified architecture
+
+
+ABORTS
+------
+Aborts in the following cases:
+
+If :strong:`dpkg`\ (1) is not available. It will abort with a proper error
+message.
+
+If the architecture is the same as the base architecture the system is build
+upon it (returned by ``dpkg --print-architecture``) and it should be removed.
+
+It will fail if it can not execute :strong:`apt`\ (8). It is assumed that it is
+already installed.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+  # add i386 (32 bit) architecture
+  __dpkg_architecture i386
+
+  # remove it again :)
+  __dpkg_architecture i386 --state absent
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+`Multiarch on Debian systems <https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch>`_
+
+`How to setup multiarch on Debian <https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO>`_
+
+:strong:`dpkg`\ (1)
+:strong:`cdist-type__package_dpkg`\ (7)
+:strong:`cdist-type__package_apt`\ (7)
+
+Useful commands:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+   # base architecture installed on this system
+   dpkg --print-architecture
+
+   # extra architectures added
+   dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
+
+
+AUTHORS
+-------
+Matthias Stecher <matthiasstecher at gmx.de>
+
+
+COPYING
+-------
+Copyright \(C) 2020 Matthias Stecher. You can redistribute it
+and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+ublished by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+License, or (at your option) any later version.

cdist/conf/type/__dpkg_architecture/parameter/default/state

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+present

cdist/conf/type/__dpkg_architecture/parameter/optional

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+state

cdist/conf/type/__file/explorer/stat

@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ fallback() {
    gid=$(echo "$ls_line" | awk '{ print $4 }')
 
    owner=$(awk -F: -v uid="$uid" '$3 == uid { print $1; f=1 } END { if (!f) print "UNKNOWN" }' /etc/passwd)
-   group=$(awk -F: -v uid="$uid" '$3 == uid { print $1; f=1 } END { if (!f) print "UNKNOWN" }' /etc/group)
+   group=$(awk -F: -v gid="$gid" '$3 == gid { print $1; f=1 } END { if (!f) print "UNKNOWN" }' /etc/group)
 
    mode_text=$(echo "$ls_line" | awk '{ print $1 }')
-   mode=$(echo "$mode_text" | awk '{ k=0; for (i=0; i<=8; i++) k += ((substr($1, i+2, 1) ~ /[rwx]/) * 2^(8-i)); printf("%0o", k) }')
+   mode=$(echo "$mode_text" | awk '{for(i=8;i>=0;--i){c=substr($1,10-i,1);k+=((c~/[rwxst]/)*2^i);if(!(i%3))k+=(tolower(c)~/[lst]/)*2^(9+i/3)}printf("%04o",k)}')
 
    size=$(echo "$ls_line" | awk '{ print $5 }')
    links=$(echo "$ls_line" | awk '{ print $2 }')
@@ -53,64 +53,32 @@ fallback() {
 [ -e "$destination" ] || exit 0
 
 
-if ! command -v stat >/dev/null
-then
+command -v stat >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
    fallback
    exit
-fi
+}
 
 
 case $("$__explorer/os")
 in
    freebsd|netbsd|openbsd|macosx)
-      stat -f "type: %HT
+      stat -f 'type: %HT
 owner: %Du %Su
 group: %Dg %Sg
-mode: %Lp %Sp
+mode: %Mp%03Lp %Sp
 size: %Dz
 links: %Dl
-" "$destination" | awk '/^type/ { print tolower($0); next } { print }'
+' "$destination" | awk '/^type/ { print tolower($0); next } { print }'
       ;;
-    solaris)
-        ls1="$( ls -ld "$destination" )"
-        ls2="$( ls -ldn "$destination" )"
-
-        if [ -f "$__object/parameter/mode" ]
-        then mode_should="$( cat "$__object/parameter/mode" )"
-        fi
-
-        # yes, it is ugly hack, but if you know better way...
-        if [ -z "$( find "$destination" -perm "$mode_should" )" ]
-        then octets=888
-        else octets="$( echo "$mode_should" | sed 's/^0//' )"
-        fi
-
-        case "$( echo "$ls1" | cut -c1-1 )" in
-            -) echo 'type: regular file' ;;
-            d) echo 'type: directory' ;;
-        esac
-
-        echo "owner: $( echo "$ls2" \
-            | awk '{print $3}' ) $( echo "$ls1" \
-                | awk '{print $3}' )"
-
-        echo "group: $( echo "$ls2" \
-            | awk '{print $4}' ) $( echo "$ls1" \
-                | awk '{print $4}' )"
-
-        echo "mode: $octets $( echo "$ls1" | awk '{print $1}' )"
-        echo "size: $( echo "$ls1" | awk '{print $5}' )"
-        echo "links: $( echo "$ls1" | awk '{print $2}' )"
-    ;;
    *)
       # NOTE: Do not use --printf here as it is not supported by BusyBox stat.
       # NOTE: BusyBox's stat might not support the "-c" option, in which case
       #       we fall through to the shell fallback.
-      stat -c "type: %F
+      stat -c 'type: %F
 owner: %u %U
 group: %g %G
-mode: %a %A
+mode: %04a %A
 size: %s
-links: %h" "$destination" 2>/dev/null || fallback
-         ;;
+links: %h' "$destination" 2>/dev/null || fallback
+      ;;
 esac

cdist/conf/type/__file/gencode-remote

@@ -68,9 +68,11 @@ case "$state_should" in
             if [ -f "$__object/parameter/$attribute" ]; then
                 value_should="$(cat "$__object/parameter/$attribute")"
 
-                # change 0xxx format to xxx format => same as stat returns
+                # format mode in four digits => same as stat returns
                 if [ "$attribute" = mode ]; then
-                    value_should="$(echo "$value_should" | sed 's/^0\(...\)/\1/')"
+                    # Convert to four-digit octal number (printf interprets
+                    # strings with leading 0s as octal!)
+                    value_should=$(printf '%04o' "0${value_should}")
                 fi
 
                 value_is="$(get_current_value "$attribute" "$value_should")"
@@ -85,11 +87,6 @@ case "$state_should" in
         fi
     ;;
 
-    pre-exists)
-        # pre-exists should never reach gencode-remote…
-        exit 1
-   ;;
-
     absent)
         if [ "$type" = "file" ]; then
             echo "rm -f '$destination'"
@@ -98,6 +95,10 @@ case "$state_should" in
         fi
     ;;
 
+    pre-exists)
+        :
+        ;;
+
     *)
         echo "Unknown state: $state_should" >&2
         exit 1

cdist/conf/type/__file/man.rst

@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ state
       create or modify it
 
 group
-   Group to chgrp to.
+   Group to chgrp to. Defaults to ``root``.
 
 mode
-   Unix permissions, suitable for chmod.
+   Unix permissions, suitable for chmod. Defaults to a very secure ``0600``.
 
 owner
-   User to chown to.
+   User to chown to. Defaults to ``root``.
 
 source
    If supplied, copy this file from the host running cdist to the target.

cdist/conf/type/__filesystem/explorer/lsblk

@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@
 # along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #
 
-os=$("$__explorer/os")
+os=$("${__explorer:?}/os")
 
-if [ -f "$__object/parameter/device" ]; then
+if [ -f "${__object:?}/parameter/device" ]; then
     blkdev="$(cat "$__object/parameter/device")"
 else
-    blkdev="$__object_id"
+    blkdev="${__object_id:?}"
 fi
 
 case "$os" in
-    centos|fedora|redhat|suse|gentoo)
+    alpine|centos|fedora|redhat|suse|gentoo)
         if [ ! -x "$(command -v lsblk)" ]; then
             echo "lsblk is required for __filesystem type" >&2
             exit 1

cdist/conf/type/__group/gencode-remote

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ if [ "$state" = "present" ]; then
          fi
       done
       if [ "$os" = "freebsd" ]; then
-         echo pw groupadd "$@" "$name"
+         echo pw groupadd "$name" "$@"
       else
          echo groupadd "$@" "$name"
       fi

cdist/conf/type/__hostname/gencode-remote

@@ -20,26 +20,27 @@
 # along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #
 
-os=$(cat "$__global/explorer/os")
-name_running=$(cat "$__global/explorer/hostname")
-has_hostnamectl=$(cat "$__object/explorer/has_hostnamectl")
+os=$(cat "${__global:?}/explorer/os")
+name_running=$(cat "${__global:?}/explorer/hostname")
+has_hostnamectl=$(cat "${__object:?}/explorer/has_hostnamectl")
 
 
-if test -s "$__object/parameter/name"
+if test -s "${__object:?}/parameter/name"
 then
-    name_should=$(cat "$__object/parameter/name")
+    name_should=$(cat "${__object:?}/parameter/name")
 else
-    case $os
+    case ${os}
     in
         # RedHat-derivatives and BSDs
-        centos|fedora|redhat|scientific|freebsd|macosx|netbsd|openbsd)
+        (centos|fedora|redhat|scientific|freebsd|macosx|netbsd|openbsd)
             # Hostname is FQDN
-            name_should="${__target_host}"
-        ;;
-        *)
+            name_should=${__target_host:?}
+            ;;
+        (*)
             # Hostname is only first component of FQDN
-            name_should="${__target_host%%.*}"
-        ;;
+            name_should=${__target_host:?}
+            name_should=${name_should%%.*}
+            ;;
     esac
 fi
 
@@ -47,43 +48,46 @@ fi
 ################################################################################
 # Check if the (running) hostname is already correct
 #
-test "$name_running" != "$name_should" || exit 0
+test "${name_running}" != "${name_should}" || exit 0
 
 
 ################################################################################
 # Setup hostname
 #
-echo 'changed' >>"$__messages_out"
+echo 'changed' >>"${__messages_out:?}"
 
 # Use the good old way to set the hostname.
-case $os
+case ${os}
 in
-    alpine|debian|devuan|ubuntu)
+    (alpine|debian|devuan|ubuntu)
         echo 'hostname -F /etc/hostname'
-    ;;
-    archlinux)
+        ;;
+    (archlinux)
         echo 'command -v hostnamectl >/dev/null 2>&1' \
-            "&& hostnamectl set-hostname '$name_should'" \
-            "|| hostname '$name_should'"
-    ;;
-    centos|fedora|redhat|scientific|freebsd|netbsd|openbsd|gentoo|void)
-        echo "hostname '$name_should'"
-    ;;
-    macosx)
-        echo "scutil --set HostName '$name_should'"
-    ;;
-    solaris)
-        echo "uname -S '$name_should'"
-    ;;
-    slackware|suse|opensuse-leap)
+            "&& hostnamectl set-hostname '${name_should}'" \
+            "|| hostname '${name_should}'"
+        ;;
+    (centos|fedora|redhat|scientific|freebsd|netbsd|openbsd|gentoo|void)
+        echo "hostname '${name_should}'"
+        ;;
+    (openwrt)
+        echo "echo '${name_should}' >/proc/sys/kernel/hostname"
+        ;;
+    (macosx)
+        echo "scutil --set HostName '${name_should}'"
+        ;;
+    (solaris)
+        echo "uname -S '${name_should}'"
+        ;;
+    (slackware|suse)
         # We do not read from /etc/HOSTNAME, because the running
         # hostname is the first component only while the file contains
         # the FQDN.
-        echo "hostname '$name_should'"
-    ;;
-    *)
+        echo "hostname '${name_should}'"
+        ;;
+    (*)
         # Fall back to set the hostname using hostnamectl, if available.
-        if test -n "$has_hostnamectl"
+        if test -n "${has_hostnamectl}"
         then
             # Don't use hostnamectl as the primary means to set the hostname for
             # systemd systems, because it cannot be trusted to work reliably and
@@ -94,7 +98,8 @@ in
             echo "test \"\$(hostname)\" = \"\$(cat /etc/hostname)\"" \
                  " || hostname -F /etc/hostname"
         else
-            printf "echo 'Unsupported OS: %s' >&2\nexit 1\n" "$os"
+            printf "echo 'Unsupported OS: %s' >&2\n" "${os}"
+            printf 'exit 1\n'
         fi
-    ;;
+        ;;
 esac

cdist/conf/type/__hostname/manifest

@@ -20,69 +20,49 @@
 # along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #
 
-not_supported() {
-    echo "Your operating system ($os) is currently not supported by this type (${__type##*/})." >&2
-    echo "Please contribute an implementation for it if you can." >&2
-    exit 1
-}
-
 set_hostname_systemd() {
     echo "$1" | __file /etc/hostname --source -
 }
 
-os=$(cat "$__global/explorer/os")
-os_version=$(cat "$__global/explorer/os_version")
-os_major=$(echo "$os_version" | grep -o '^[0-9][0-9]*' || true)
+os=$(cat "${__global:?}/explorer/os")
 
-max_len=$(cat "$__object/explorer/max_len")
-has_hostnamectl=$(cat "$__object/explorer/has_hostnamectl")
+max_len=$(cat "${__object:?}/explorer/max_len")
+has_hostnamectl=$(cat "${__object:?}/explorer/has_hostnamectl")
 
-if test -s "$__object/parameter/name"
+if test -s "${__object:?}/parameter/name"
 then
-    name_should=$(cat "$__object/parameter/name")
+    name_should=$(cat "${__object:?}/parameter/name")
 else
-    case $os
+    case ${os}
     in
         # RedHat-derivatives and BSDs
-        centos|fedora|redhat|scientific|freebsd|netbsd|openbsd|slackware)
+        (centos|fedora|redhat|scientific|freebsd|netbsd|openbsd|slackware|suse)
             # Hostname is FQDN
-            name_should="${__target_host}"
-        ;;
-        suse|opensuse-leap)
-            # Classic SuSE stores the FQDN in /etc/HOSTNAME, while
-            # systemd does not. The running hostname is the first
-            # component in both cases.
-            # In versions before 15.x, the FQDN is stored in /etc/hostname.
-            if test -n "$has_hostnamectl" && test "$os_major" -ge 15 \
-                    && test "$os_major" -ne 42
-            then
-                name_should="${__target_host%%.*}"
-            else
-                name_should="${__target_host}"
-            fi
-        ;;
+            name_should=${__target_host:?}
+            ;;
         *)
             # Hostname is only first component of FQDN on all other systems.
-            name_should="${__target_host%%.*}"
-        ;;
+            name_should=${__target_host:?}
+            name_should=${name_should%%.*}
+            ;;
     esac
 fi
 
-if test -n "$max_len" && test "$(printf '%s' "$name_should" | wc -c)" -gt "$max_len"
+if test -n "${max_len}" && test "$(printf '%s' "${name_should}" | wc -c)" -gt "${max_len}"
 then
     printf "Host name too long. Up to %u characters allowed.\n" "${max_len}" >&2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-case $os
+case ${os}
 in
-    alpine|debian|devuan|ubuntu|void)
-        echo "$name_should" | __file /etc/hostname --source -
-    ;;
-    archlinux)
-        if test -n "$has_hostnamectl"
+    (alpine|debian|devuan|ubuntu|void)
+        echo "${name_should}" | __file /etc/hostname --source -
+        ;;
+    (archlinux)
+        if test -n "${has_hostnamectl}"
         then
-            set_hostname_systemd "$name_should"
+            set_hostname_systemd "${name_should}"
         else
             echo 'Ancient ArchLinux variants without hostnamectl are not supported.' >&2
             exit 1
@@ -97,8 +77,8 @@ in
             #     --value "\"$name_should\""
         fi
         ;;
-    centos|fedora|redhat|scientific)
-        if test -z "$has_hostnamectl"
+    (centos|fedora|redhat|scientific)
+        if test -z "${has_hostnamectl}"
         then
             # Only write to /etc/sysconfig/network on non-systemd versions.
             # On systemd-based versions this entry is ignored.
@@ -106,59 +86,83 @@ in
                 --file /etc/sysconfig/network \
                 --delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
                 --key HOSTNAME \
-                --value "\"$name_should\""
+                --value "\"${name_should}\""
         else
-            set_hostname_systemd "$name_should"
+            set_hostname_systemd "${name_should}"
         fi
-    ;;
-    gentoo)
+        ;;
+    (gentoo)
         # Only write to /etc/conf.d/hostname on OpenRC-based installations.
         # On systemd use hostnamectl(1) in gencode-remote.
-        if test -z "$has_hostnamectl"
+        if test -z "${has_hostnamectl}"
         then
             __key_value '/etc/conf.d/hostname:hostname' \
                 --file /etc/conf.d/hostname \
                 --delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
                 --key 'hostname' \
-                --value "\"$name_should\""
+                --value "\"${name_should}\""
         else
             set_hostname_systemd "$name_should"
         fi
-    ;;
-    freebsd)
+        ;;
+    (freebsd)
         __key_value '/etc/rc.conf:hostname' \
             --file /etc/rc.conf \
             --delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
             --key 'hostname' \
-            --value "\"$name_should\""
-    ;;
-    macosx)
+            --value "\"${name_should}\""
+        ;;
+    (macosx)
         # handled in gencode-remote
-        :
-    ;;
-    netbsd)
+        ;;
+    (netbsd)
         __key_value '/etc/rc.conf:hostname' \
             --file /etc/rc.conf \
             --delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
             --key 'hostname' \
-            --value "\"$name_should\""
+            --value "\"${name_should}\""
 
         # To avoid confusion, ensure that the hostname is only stored once.
         __file /etc/myname --state absent
-    ;;
-    openbsd)
-        echo "$name_should" | __file /etc/myname --source -
-    ;;
-    slackware)
+        ;;
+    (openbsd)
+        echo "${name_should}" | __file /etc/myname --source -
+        ;;
+    (openwrt)
+        __uci system.@system[0].hostname --value "${name_should}"
+            # --transaction hostname
+        ;;
+    (slackware)
         # We write the FQDN into /etc/HOSTNAME.  But /etc/rc.d/rc.M will only
         # read the first component from this file and set it as the running
         # hostname on boot.
-        echo "$name_should" | __file /etc/HOSTNAME --source -
-    ;;
-    solaris)
-        echo "$name_should" | __file /etc/nodename --source -
-    ;;
-    suse|opensuse-leap)
+        echo "${name_should}" | __file /etc/HOSTNAME --source -
+        ;;
+    (solaris)
+        echo "${name_should}" | __file /etc/nodename --source -
+        ;;
+    (suse)
+        if test -s "${__global:?}/explorer/os_release"
+        then
+            # shellcheck source=/dev/null
+            os_version=$(. "${__global:?}/explorer/os_release" && echo "${VERSION}")
+        else
+            os_version=$(sed -n 's/^VERSION\ *=\ *//p' "${__global:?}/explorer/os_version")
+        fi
+        os_major=$(expr "${os_version}" : '\([0-9]\{1,\}\)')
+
+        # Classic SuSE stores the FQDN in /etc/HOSTNAME, while
+        # systemd does not. The running hostname is the first
+        # component in both cases.
+        # In versions before 15.x, the FQDN is stored in /etc/hostname.
+        if test -n "${has_hostnamectl}" \
+                && test "${os_major}" -ge 15 \
+                && test "${os_major}" -ne 42
+        then
+            # strip away everything but the first part from $name_should
+            name_should=${name_should%%.*}
+        fi
+
         # Modern SuSE provides /etc/HOSTNAME as a symlink for
         # backwards-compatibility. Unfortunately it cannot be used
         # here as __file does not follow the symlink.
@@ -167,23 +171,25 @@ in
         # not work correctly on openSUSE 12.x which provides
         # hostnamectl but not /etc/hostname.
 
-        if test -n "$has_hostnamectl" -a "$os_major" -gt 12
+        if test -n "${has_hostnamectl}" -a "${os_major}" -gt 12
         then
-            hostname_file='/etc/hostname'
+            hostname_file=/etc/hostname
         else
-            hostname_file='/etc/HOSTNAME'
+            hostname_file=/etc/HOSTNAME
         fi
 
-        echo "$name_should" | __file "$hostname_file" --source -
-    ;;
-    *)
+        echo "${name_should}" | __file "${hostname_file}" --source -
+        ;;
+    (*)
         # On other operating systems we fall back to systemd's
         # hostnamectl if available…
-        if test -n "$has_hostnamectl"
+        if test -n "${has_hostnamectl}"
         then
-            set_hostname_systemd "$name_should"
+            set_hostname_systemd "${name_should}"
         else
-            not_supported
+            echo "Your operating system (${os}) is currently not supported by this type (${__type##*/})." >&2
+            echo "Please contribute an implementation for it if you can." >&2
+            exit 1
         fi
-    ;;
+        ;;
 esac

cdist/conf/type/__hosts/man.rst

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ ip
     state is ``present``, this parameter is mandatory, if state is
     ``absent``, this parameter is silently ignored.
 
+alias
+    An alias for the hostname.
+    This parameter can be specified multiple times (once per alias).
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -36,6 +40,8 @@ EXAMPLES
     # previously configured via __hosts.
     __hosts happy --state absent
 
+    __hosts srv1.example.com --ip 192.168.0.42 --alias srv1
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 
@@ -43,13 +49,14 @@ SEE ALSO
 
 AUTHORS
 -------
-
-Dmitry Bogatov <KAction@gnu.org>
+| Dmitry Bogatov <KAction@gnu.org>
+| Dennis Camera <dennis.camera--@--ssrq-sds-fds.ch>
 
 
 COPYING
 -------
 
-Copyright (C) 2015,2016 Dmitry Bogatov. Free use of this software is granted
-under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later
-(GPLv3+).
+Copyright \(C) 2015-2016 Dmitry Bogatov, 2019 Dennis Camera.
+You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
+the License, or (at your option) any later version.

cdist/conf/type/__hosts/manifest

@@ -1,29 +1,42 @@
 #!/bin/sh -e
-# Copyright (C) 2015  Bogatov Dmitry <KAction@gnu.org>
 #
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# Copyright (C) 2015  Bogatov Dmitry <KAction@gnu.org>
+# 2019 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera at ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 # (at your option) any later version.
 #
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 # GNU General Public License for more details.
 #
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-set -ue
+#
 
-hostname="$__object_id"
-state="$(cat "$__object/parameter/state")"
-marker="# __hosts/$hostname"
+set -e
 
-set -- "__hosts/$hostname" --file /etc/hosts --state "$state"
+hostname=$__object_id
+state=$(cat "${__object}/parameter/state")
+marker="# __hosts/${hostname}"
 
-if [ "$state" = absent ] ; then
-	__line "$@" --regex "$marker"
+if test "${state}" != 'absent'
+then
+	ip=$(cat "${__object}/parameter/ip")
+	if test -s "${__object}/parameter/alias"
+	then
+		aliases=$(while read -r a; do printf '\t%s' "$a"; done <"$__object/parameter/alias")
+	fi
+
+	set -- --line "$(printf '%s\t%s%s  %s' \
+		"${ip}" "${hostname}" "${aliases}" "${marker}")"
 else
-	ip="$(cat "$__object/parameter/ip")"
-	__line "$@" --line "$ip $hostname $marker"
+	set -- --regex "$(echo "${marker}" | sed -e 's/\./\\./')$"
 fi
+
+__line "/etc/hosts:${hostname}" --file /etc/hosts --state "${state}" "$@"

cdist/conf/type/__hosts/parameter/optional_multiple

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+alias

cdist/conf/type/__hwclock/explorer/adjtime_mode

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+#!/bin/sh -e
 #
-# 2012 Jake Guffey (jake.guffey at eprotex.com)
+# 2020 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera at ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
 #
 # This file is part of cdist.
 #
@@ -17,20 +17,12 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #
-#
-# Get the location of the pf ruleset on the target host.
+# Prints the clock mode read from the /etc/adjtime file, if present.
 #
 
-# Debug
-#exec >&2
-#set -x
-
-# Check /etc/rc.conf for pf's configuration file name. Default to /etc/pf.conf
-
-RC="/etc/rc.conf"
-PFCONF="$(grep '^pf_rules=' ${RC} | cut -d= -f2 | sed 's/"//g')"
-echo "${PFCONF:-"/etc/pf.conf"}"
-
-# Debug
-#set +x
+# not all operating systems use an adjfile
+test -f /etc/adjtime || exit 0
 
+# 3rd line is clock mode
+# adjtime(5) https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/adjtime.5.html
+sed -n 3p /etc/adjtime

cdist/conf/type/__hwclock/explorer/timedatectl_localrtc

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+#
+# 2020 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera at ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# Prints the LocalRTC property using timedatectl on systemd-based systems.
+#
+
+command -v timedatectl >/dev/null 2>&1 || exit 0
+
+# NOTE: Older versions of timedatectl do not support `timedatectl show'
+timedatectl --no-pager status \
+| awk -F': ' '$1 ~ "RTC in local TZ$" { sub(/[ \t]*$/, "", $2); print $2 }'

cdist/conf/type/__hwclock/gencode-remote

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+#
+# 2020 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera@ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+mode=$(cat "${__object:?}/parameter/mode")
+
+timedatectl_localrtc=$(cat "${__object:?}/explorer/timedatectl_localrtc")
+adjtime_mode=$(cat "${__object:?}/explorer/adjtime_mode")
+
+
+case ${mode}
+in
+	(localtime)
+		adjtime_str=LOCAL
+		local_rtc_str=yes
+		;;
+	(UTC|utc)
+		adjtime_str=UTC
+		local_rtc_str=no
+		;;
+	(*)
+		printf 'Invalid value for --mode: %s\n' "${mode}" >&2
+		printf 'Acceptable values are: localtime, utc.\n' >&2
+		exit 1
+esac
+
+
+if test -n "${timedatectl_localrtc}"
+then
+	# systemd
+	timedatectl_should=${local_rtc_str}
+	if test "${timedatectl_localrtc}" != "${timedatectl_should}"
+	then
+		printf 'timedatectl set-local-rtc %s\n' "${timedatectl_should}"
+	fi
+elif test -n "${adjtime_mode}"
+then
+	# others (update /etc/adjtime if present)
+	if test "${adjtime_mode}" != "${adjtime_str}"
+	then
+		# Update /etc/adjtime (3rd line is clock mode)
+		# adjtime(5) https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/adjtime.5.html
+		# FIXME: Should maybe add third line if adjfile only contains two lines
+		printf "sed -i '3c\\\\\\n%s\\n' /etc/adjtime\\n" "${adjtime_str}"
+	fi
+fi

cdist/conf/type/__hwclock/man.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+cdist-type__hwclock(7)
+======================
+
+NAME
+----
+cdist-type__hwclock - Manage the hardware real time clock.
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This type can be used to control how the hardware clock is used by the operating
+system.
+
+
+REQUIRED PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+mode
+    What mode the hardware clock is in.
+
+    Acceptable values:
+
+    localtime
+        The hardware clock is set to local time (common for systems also running
+        Windows.)
+    UTC
+        The hardware clock is set to UTC (common on UNIX systems.)
+
+
+OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+None.
+
+
+BOOLEAN PARAMETERS
+------------------
+None.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    # Make the operating system treat the time read from the hwclock as UTC.
+    __hwclock --mode UTC
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+:strong:`hwclock`\ (8)
+
+
+AUTHORS
+-------
+Dennis Camera <dennis.camera@ssrq-sds-fds.ch>
+
+
+COPYING
+-------
+Copyright \(C) 2020 Dennis Camera. You can redistribute it
+and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+License, or (at your option) any later version.

cdist/conf/type/__hwclock/manifest

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+#
+# 2020 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera@ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+# TODO: Consider supporting BADYEAR
+
+os=$(cat "${__global:?}/explorer/os")
+mode=$(cat "${__object:?}/parameter/mode")
+
+has_systemd_timedatectl=$(test -s "${__object:?}/explorer/timedatectl_localrtc" && echo true || echo false)
+
+
+case ${mode}
+in
+	(localtime)
+		local_clock=true
+		;;
+	(UTC|utc)
+		local_clock=false
+		;;
+	(*)
+		printf 'Invalid value for --mode: %s\n' "${mode}" >&2
+		printf 'Acceptable values are: UTC, localtime.\n' >&2
+		exit 1
+esac
+
+
+case ${os}
+in
+	(alpine|gentoo)
+		if ! $has_systemd_timedatectl
+		then
+			# NOTE: Gentoo also supports systemd, in which case /etc/conf.d is
+			#       not used. So we check for systemd presence here and only
+			#       update /etc/conf.d if systemd is not installed.
+			# https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/System_time#Hardware_clock
+
+			export CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY=true
+			__file /etc/conf.d/hwclock --state present \
+				--owner root --group root --mode 0644
+			__key_value /etc/conf.d/hwclock:clock \
+				--file /etc/conf.d/hwclock \
+				--key clock \
+				--delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
+				--value "\"$($local_clock && echo local || echo UTC)\""
+			unset CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY
+		fi
+		;;
+	(centos|fedora|redhat|scientific)
+		os_version=$(cat "${__global:?}/explorer/os_version")
+		os_major=$(expr "${os_version}" : '.* release \([0-9]*\)')
+		case ${os}
+		in
+			(centos|scientific)
+				update_sysconfig=$(test "${os_major}" -lt 6 && echo true || echo false)
+				;;
+			(fedora)
+				update_sysconfig=$(test "${os_major}" -lt 10 && echo true || echo false)
+				;;
+			(redhat|*)
+				case ${os_version}
+				in
+					('Red Hat Enterprise Linux'*)
+						update_sysconfig=$(test "${os_major}" -lt 6 && echo true || echo false)
+						;;
+					('Red Hat Linux'*)
+						update_sysconfig=true
+						;;
+					(*)
+						printf 'Could not determine Red Hat distribution.\n' >&2
+						printf "Please contribute an implementation for it if you can.\n" >&2
+						exit 1
+						;;
+				esac
+				;;
+		esac
+
+		if ${update_sysconfig:?}
+		then
+			export CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY=true
+			__file /etc/sysconfig/clock --state present \
+				--owner root --group root --mode 0644
+			__key_value /etc/sysconfig/clock:UTC \
+				--file /etc/sysconfig/clock \
+				--key UTC \
+				--delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
+				--value "$($local_clock && echo false || echo true)"
+			unset CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY
+		fi
+		;;
+	(debian|devuan|ubuntu)
+		os_major=$(sed 's/[^0-9].*$//' "${__global:?}/explorer/os_version")
+
+		case ${os}
+		in
+			(debian)
+				if test "${os_major}" -ge 7
+				then
+					update_rcS=false
+				elif test "${os_major}" -ge 3
+				then
+					update_rcS=true
+				else
+					# Debian 2.2 should be supportable using rcS.
+					# Debian 2.1 uses the ancient GMT key.
+					# Debian 1.3 does not have rcS.
+					printf "Your operating system (Debian %s) is currently not supported by this type (%s)\n" \
+						"$(cat "${__global:?}/explorer/os_version")" "${__type##*/}" >&2
+					printf "Please contribute an implementation for it if you can.\n" >&2
+					exit 1
+				fi
+				;;
+			(devuan)
+				update_rcS=false
+				;;
+			(ubuntu)
+				update_rcS=$(test "${os_major}" -lt 16 && echo true || echo false)
+				;;
+		esac
+
+		if ${update_rcS}
+		then
+			export CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY=true
+			__file /etc/default/rcS --state present \
+				--owner root --group root --mode 0644
+			__key_value /etc/default/rcS:UTC \
+				--file /etc/default/rcS \
+				--key UTC \
+				--delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
+				--value "$($local_clock && echo no || echo yes)"
+			unset CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY
+		fi		  
+		;;
+	(freebsd)
+		# cf. adjkerntz(8)
+		__file /etc/wall_cmos_clock \
+			--state "$($local_clock && echo present || echo absent)" \
+			--owner root --group wheel --mode 0444
+		;;
+	(netbsd)
+		# https://wiki.netbsd.org/guide/boot/#index9h2
+		__key_value /etc/rc.conf:rtclocaltime \
+			--file /etc/rc.conf \
+			--key rtclocaltime \
+			--delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
+			--value "$($local_clock && echo YES || echo NO)"
+		;;
+	(slackware)
+		__file /etc/hardwareclock --owner root --group root --mode 0644 \
+			--source - <<-EOF
+		# /etc/hardwareclock
+		#
+		# Tells how the hardware clock time is stored.
+		# This file is managed by cdist.
+
+		$($local_clock && echo localtime || echo UTC)
+		EOF
+		;;
+	(suse)
+		if test -s "${__global:?}/explorer/os_release"
+		then
+			# shellcheck source=/dev/null
+			os_version=$(. "${__global:?}/explorer/os_release" && echo "${VERSION}")
+		else
+			os_version=$(sed -n 's/^VERSION\ *=\ *//p' "${__global:?}/explorer/os_version")
+		fi
+		os_major=$(expr "${os_version}" : '\([0-9]\{1,\}\)')
+
+		# TODO: Consider using `yast2 timezone set hwclock' instead
+		if expr "${os_major}" \< 12
+		then
+			# Starting with SuSE 12 (first systemd-based version)
+			# /etc/sysconfig/clock does not contain the HWCLOCK line
+			# anymore.
+			# With SuSE 13, it has been reduced to TIMEZONE configuration.
+			__key_value /etc/sysconfig/clock:HWCLOCK \
+				--file /etc/sysconfig/clock \
+				--delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
+				--key HWCLOCK \
+				--value "$($local_clock && echo '"--localtime"' || echo '"-u"')"
+		fi
+		;;
+	(void)
+		export CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY=true
+		__file /etc/rc.conf \
+			--owner root --group root --mode 0644 \
+			--state present
+		__key_value /etc/rc.conf:HARDWARECLOCK \
+			--file /etc/rc.conf \
+			--delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
+			--key HARDWARECLOCK \
+			--value "\"$($local_clock && echo localtime || echo UTC)\""
+		unset CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY
+		;;
+	(*)
+		if ! $has_systemd_timedatectl
+		then
+			printf "Your operating system (%s) is currently not supported by this type (%s)\n" "$os" "${__type##*/}" >&2
+			printf "Please contribute an implementation for it if you can.\n" >&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
+esac
+
+# NOTE: timedatectl set-local-rtc for systemd is in gencode-remote
+# NOTE: /etc/adjtime is also updated in gencode-remote

cdist/conf/type/__hwclock/parameter/required

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mode

cdist/conf/type/__iptables_apply/files/init-script

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-# Nico Schottelius
-# Zürisee, Mon Sep  2 18:38:27 CEST 2013
-#
 ### BEGIN INIT INFO
 # Provides:          iptables
 # Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs
@@ -14,34 +11,72 @@
 #                    and saves/restores previous status
 ### END INIT INFO
 
+# Originally written by:
+#   Nico Schottelius
+#   Zürisee, Mon Sep  2 18:38:27 CEST 2013
+#
+# 2013 Nico Schottelius (nico-cdist at schottelius.org)
+# 2020 Matthias Stecher (matthiasstecher at gmx.de)
+#
+# This file is distributed with cdist and licenced under the
+# GNU GPLv3+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.
+
+
+# Read files and execute the content with the given commands
+#
+# Arguments:
+#  1:    Directory
+#  2..n: Commands which should be used to execute the file content
+gothrough() {
+    cd "$1" || return
+    shift
+
+    # iterate through all rules and continue if it's not a file
+    for rule in *; do
+        [ -f "$rule" ] || continue
+        echo "Appling iptables rule $rule ..."
+
+        # execute it with all commands specificed
+        ruleparam="$(cat "$rule")"
+        for cmd in "$@"; do
+            # Command and Rule should be split.
+            # shellcheck disable=SC2046
+            command $cmd $ruleparam
+        done
+    done
+}
+
+# Shortcut for iptables command to do IPv4 and v6
+# only applies to the "reset" target
+iptables() {
+    command iptables "$@"
+    command ip6tables "$@"
+}
 
 basedir=/etc/iptables.d
-status="${basedir}/.pre-start"
+status4="${basedir}/.pre-start"
+status6="${basedir}/.pre-start6"
 
 case $1 in
     start)
         # Save status
-        iptables-save > "$status"
+        iptables-save > "$status4"
+        ip6tables-save > "$status6"
 
         # Apply our ruleset
-        cd "$basedir" || exit
-        count="$(find . ! -name . -prune | wc -l)"
-
-        # Only do something if there are rules
-        if [ "$count" -ge 1 ]; then
-            for rule in *; do
-                echo "Applying iptables rule $rule ..."
-                # Rule should be split.
-                # shellcheck disable=SC2046
-                iptables $(cat "$rule")
-            done
-        fi
+        gothrough "$basedir"     iptables
+        #gothrough "$basedir/v4"  iptables  # conflicts with $basedir
+        gothrough "$basedir/v6"  ip6tables
+        gothrough "$basedir/all" iptables  ip6tables
     ;;
 
     stop)
         # Restore from status before, if there is something to restore
-        if [ -f "$status" ]; then
-            iptables-restore < "$status"
+        if [ -f "$status4" ]; then
+            iptables-restore < "$status4"
+        fi
+        if [ -f "$status6" ]; then
+            ip6tables-restore < "$status6"
         fi
     ;;
     restart)

cdist/conf/type/__iptables_apply/man.rst

@@ -10,7 +10,24 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This cdist type deploys an init script that triggers
 the configured rules and also re-applies them on
-configuration.
+configuration. Rules are written from __iptables_rule
+into the folder ``/etc/iptables.d/``.
+
+It reads all rules from the base folder as rules for IPv4.
+Rules in the subfolder ``v6/`` are IPv6 rules. Rules in
+the subfolder ``all/`` are applied to both rule tables. All
+files contain the arguments for a single ``iptables`` and/or
+``ip6tables`` command.
+
+Rules are applied in the following order:
+1. All IPv4 rules
+2. All IPv6 rules
+2. All rules that should be applied to both tables
+
+The order of the rules that will be applied are definite
+from the result the shell glob returns, which should be
+alphabetical. If rules must be applied in a special order,
+prefix them with a number like ``02-some-rule``.
 
 
 REQUIRED PARAMETERS
@@ -24,7 +41,7 @@ None
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
-None (__iptables_apply is used by __iptables_rule)
+None (__iptables_apply is used by __iptables_rule automatically)
 
 
 SEE ALSO
@@ -35,11 +52,13 @@ SEE ALSO
 AUTHORS
 -------
 Nico Schottelius <nico-cdist--@--schottelius.org>
+Matthias Stecher <matthiasstecher--@--gmx.de>
 
 
 COPYING
 -------
-Copyright \(C) 2013 Nico Schottelius. You can redistribute it
-and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
-License, or (at your option) any later version.
+Copyright \(C) 2013 Nico Schottelius.
+Copyright \(C) 2020 Matthias Stecher.
+You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
+either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

cdist/conf/type/__iptables_rule/man.rst

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ DESCRIPTION
 This cdist type allows you to manage iptable rules
 in a distribution independent manner.
 
+See :strong:`cdist-type__iptables_apply`\ (7) for the
+execution order of these rules. It will be executed
+automaticly to apply all rules non-volaite.
+
 
 REQUIRED PARAMETERS
 -------------------
@@ -25,6 +29,24 @@ state
    'present' or 'absent', defaults to 'present'
 
 
+BOOLEAN PARAMETERS
+------------------
+All rules without any of these parameters will be treated like ``--v4`` because
+of backward compatibility.
+
+v4
+    Explicitly set it as rule for IPv4. If IPv6 is set, too, it will be
+    threaten like ``--all``. Will be the default if nothing else is set.
+
+v6
+    Explicitly set it as rule for IPv6. If IPv4 is set, too, it will be
+    threaten like ``--all``.
+
+all
+    Set the rule for both IPv4 and IPv6. It will be saved separately from the
+    other rules.
+
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -48,6 +70,16 @@ EXAMPLES
         --state absent
 
 
+    # IPv4-only rule for ICMPv4
+    __iptables_rule icmp-v4 --v4 --rule "-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT"
+    # IPv6-only rule for ICMPv6
+    __iptables_rule icmp-v6 --v6 --rule "-A INPUT -p icmpv6 -j ACCEPT"
+
+    # doing something for the dual stack
+    __iptables_rule fwd-eth0-eth1 --v4 --v6 --rule "-A INPUT -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT"
+    __iptables_rule fwd-eth1-eth0 --all --rule "-A -o eth1 -i eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT"
+
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 :strong:`cdist-type__iptables_apply`\ (7), :strong:`iptables`\ (8)
@@ -56,11 +88,13 @@ SEE ALSO
 AUTHORS
 -------
 Nico Schottelius <nico-cdist--@--schottelius.org>
+Matthias Stecher <matthiasstecher--@--gmx.de>
 
 
 COPYING
 -------
-Copyright \(C) 2013 Nico Schottelius. You can redistribute it
-and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
-License, or (at your option) any later version.
+Copyright \(C) 2013 Nico Schottelius.
+Copyright \(C) 2020 Matthias Stecher.
+You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
+either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

cdist/conf/type/__iptables_rule/manifest

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh -e
 #
 # 2013 Nico Schottelius (nico-cdist at schottelius.org)
+# 2020 Matthias Stecher (matthiasstecher at gmx.de)
 #
 # This file is part of cdist.
 #
@@ -24,12 +25,36 @@ base_dir=/etc/iptables.d
 name="$__object_id"
 state="$(cat "$__object/parameter/state")"
 
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/v4" ]; then
+    only_v4="yes"
+    # $specific_dir is $base_dir
+fi
+if [ -f "$__object/parameter/v6" ]; then
+    only_v6="yes"
+    specific_dir="$base_dir/v6"
+fi
+# If rules should be set for both protocols
+if { [ "$only_v4" = "yes" ] && [ "$only_v6" = "yes" ]; } ||
+    [ -f "$__object/parameter/all" ]; then
+
+    # all to a specific directory
+    specific_dir="$base_dir/all"
+fi
+
+# set rule directory based on if it's the base or subdirectory
+rule_dir="${specific_dir:-$base_dir}"
+
 ################################################################################
 # Basic setup
 #
 
 __directory "$base_dir" --state present
 
+# sub-directory if required
+if [ "$specific_dir" ]; then
+    require="__directory/$base_dir" __directory "$specific_dir" --state present
+fi
+
 # Have apply do the real job
 require="$__object_name" __iptables_apply
 
@@ -37,6 +62,15 @@ require="$__object_name" __iptables_apply
 # The rule
 #
 
-require="__directory/$base_dir" __file "$base_dir/${name}" \
-    --source "$__object/parameter/rule" \
-    --state "$state"
+for dir in "$base_dir" "$base_dir/v6" "$base_dir/all"; do
+    # defaults to absent except the directory that should contain the file
+    if [ "$rule_dir" = "$dir" ]; then
+        curr_state="$state"
+    else
+        curr_state="absent"
+    fi
+
+    require="__directory/$rule_dir" __file "$dir/$name" \
+        --source "$__object/parameter/rule" \
+        --state "$curr_state"
+done

cdist/conf/type/__iptables_rule/parameter/boolean

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+all
+v4
+v6

cdist/conf/type/__key_value/explorer/state

@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ else
 fi
 export key state delimiter value exact_delimiter
 
-awk -f - "$file" <<"AWK_EOF"
+awk_bin=$(PATH=$(getconf PATH 2>/dev/null) && command -v awk || echo awk)
+
+"${awk_bin}" -f - "$file" <<"AWK_EOF"
 BEGIN {
     state=ENVIRON["state"]
     key=ENVIRON["key"]

cdist/conf/type/__key_value/files/remote_script.sh

@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ if [ -f "$file" ]; then
 else
     touch "$file"
 fi
-awk -f - "$file" >"$tmpfile" <<"AWK_EOF"
+
+awk_bin=$(PATH=$(getconf PATH 2>/dev/null) && command -v awk || echo awk)
+
+"${awk_bin}" -f - "$file" >"$tmpfile" <<"AWK_EOF"
 BEGIN {
     # import variables in a secure way ..
     state=ENVIRON["state"]

cdist/conf/type/__key_value/gencode-remote

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ state_should="$(cat "$__object/parameter/state")"
 state_is="$(cat "$__object/explorer/state")"
 fire_onchange=''
 
-if [  "$state_is" = "$state_should" ]; then
+if [ "$state_is" = "$state_should" ]; then
     exit 0
 fi
 

cdist/conf/type/__letsencrypt_cert/manifest

@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@ if [ -z "${certbot_fullpath}" ]; then
 
 			certbot_fullpath=/usr/local/bin/certbot
 		;;
+		ubuntu)
+            __package certbot
+            ;;
 		*)
 			echo "Unsupported os: $os" >&2
 			exit 1

cdist/conf/type/__line/explorer/state

@@ -53,8 +53,10 @@ function _find(_text, _pattern) {
 BEGIN {
    getline anchor < (ENVIRON["__object"] "/parameter/" position)
    getline pattern < (ENVIRON["__object"] "/parameter/" needle)
+   getline line < (ENVIRON["__object"] "/parameter/line")
 
    found_line = 0
+   correct_line = 0
    correct_pos = (position != "after" && position != "before")
 }
 {
@@ -63,15 +65,18 @@ BEGIN {
          getline
          if (_find($0, pattern)) {
             found_line++
+	    if (index($0, line) == 1) { correct_line++ }
             correct_pos = 1
             exit 0
          }
       } else if (_find($0, pattern)) {
          found_line++
+         if (index($0, line) == 1) { correct_line++ }
       }
    } else if (position == "before") {
       if (_find($0, pattern)) {
          found_line++
+         if (index($0, line) == 1) { correct_line++ }
          getline
          if (match($0, anchor)) {
             correct_pos = 1
@@ -81,13 +86,18 @@ BEGIN {
    } else {
       if (_find($0, pattern)) {
          found_line++
+         if (index($0, line) == 1) { correct_line++ }
          exit 0
       }
    }
 }
 END {
    if (found_line && correct_pos) {
-      print "present"
+      if (correct_line) {
+        print "present"
+      } else {
+        print "matching"
+      }
    } else if (found_line) {
       print "wrongposition"
    } else {

cdist/conf/type/__line/gencode-remote

@@ -38,7 +38,11 @@ if [ -z "$state_is" ]; then
    exit 1
 fi
 
-if [ "$state_should" = "$state_is" ]; then
+if [ "$state_should" = "$state_is" ] || \
+	{ [ "$state_should" = "present" ] && [ "$state_is" = "matching" ] ;} || \
+	{ [ "$state_should" = "replace" ] && [ "$state_is" = "present" ] ;} ; then
+   # If state matches already, or 'present' is used and regex matches
+   # or 'replace' is used and the exact line is present, then there is
    # nothing to do
    exit 0
 fi
@@ -61,8 +65,8 @@ fi
 add=0
 remove=0
 case "$state_should" in
-   present)
-      if [ "$state_is" = "wrongposition" ]; then
+   present|replace)
+      if [ "$state_is" = "wrongposition" ] || [ "$state_is" = "matching" ]; then
          echo updated >> "$__messages_out"
          remove=1
       else

cdist/conf/type/__line/man.rst

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ file
 line
     Specifies the line which should be absent or present.
 
-    Must be present, if state is 'present'.
+    Must be present, if state is 'present' or 'replace'.
     Ignored if regex is given and state is 'absent'.
 
 regex
@@ -41,10 +41,13 @@ regex
     If state is 'absent', ensure all lines matching the regular expression
     are absent.
 
+    If state is 'replace', ensure all lines matching the regular expression
+    are exactly 'line'.
+
     The regular expression is interpreted by awk's match function.
 
 state
-    'present' or 'absent', defaults to 'present'
+    'present', 'absent' or 'replace', defaults to 'present'.
 
 onchange
     The code to run if line is added, removed or updated.
@@ -99,6 +102,12 @@ EXAMPLES
         --line '-session required pam_exec.so debug log=/tmp/classify.log /usr/local/libexec/classify' \
         --after '^session[[:space:]]+include[[:space:]]+password-auth-ac$'
 
+    # Uncomment as needed and set a value in a configuration file.
+    __line /etc/example.conf \
+        --line 'SomeSetting SomeValue' \
+        --regex '^(#[[:space:]]*)?SomeSetting[[:space:]]' \
+        --state replace
+
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------

cdist/conf/type/__link/man.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ source
    Specifies the link source.
 
 type
-   Specifies the link type: Either hard or symoblic.
+   Specifies the link type: Either hard or symbolic.
 
 
 OPTIONAL PARAMETERS

cdist/conf/type/__locale/deprecated

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This type is deprecated. Please use __localedef instead.

cdist/conf/type/__locale/explorer/state

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh -e
+# __locale/explorer/state
 #
-# 2019 Ander Punnar (ander-at-kvlt-dot-ee)
+# 2020 Matthias Stecher (matthiasstecher at gmx.de)
 #
 # This file is part of cdist.
 #
@@ -17,23 +18,19 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #
+#
+# Check if the locale is already installed on the system.
+# Outputs 'present' or 'absent' depending if the locale exists.
+#
 
-# TODO check if filesystem has ACL turned on etc
 
-if [ -f "$__object/parameter/acl" ]
-then
-    grep -E '^(default:)?(user|group):' "$__object/parameter/acl" \
-    | while read -r acl
-    do
-        param="$( echo "$acl" | awk -F: '{print $(NF-2)}' )"
-        check="$( echo "$acl" | awk -F: '{print $(NF-1)}' )"
+# Get user-defined locale
+# locale name is echoed differently than the user propably set it (for UTF-8)
+locale="$(echo "$__object_id" | sed 's/UTF-8/utf8/')"
 
-        [ "$param" = 'user' ] && db=passwd || db="$param"
-
-        if ! getent "$db" "$check" > /dev/null
-        then
-            echo "missing $param '$check'" >&2
-            exit 1
-        fi
-    done
+# Check if the given locale exists on the system
+if localedef --list-archive | grep -qFx "$locale"; then
+    echo present
+else
+    echo absent
 fi

cdist/conf/type/__locale/gencode-remote

@@ -23,6 +23,15 @@
 
 locale="$__object_id"
 
+state_is=$(cat "$__object/explorer/state")
+state_should=$(cat "$__object/parameter/state")
+
+# short circuit if there is nothing to do
+if [ "$state_is" = "$state_should" ]; then
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+
 # Hardcoded, create a pull request with
 # branching on $os in case it is at another location
 alias=/usr/share/locale/locale.alias
@@ -35,8 +44,6 @@ charmap=$(echo "$locale" | cut -d . -f 2)
 # W-T-F!
 locale_remove=$(echo "$locale" | sed 's/UTF-8/utf8/')
 
-state=$(cat "$__object/parameter/state")
-
 os=$(cat "$__global/explorer/os")
 
 # Nothing to be done on alpine
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@ case "$os" in
         ;;
 esac
 
-case "$state" in
+case "$state_should" in
     present)
         echo localedef -A "$alias" -f "$charmap" -i "$input" "$locale"
     ;;
@@ -54,7 +61,7 @@ case "$state" in
         echo localedef --delete-from-archive "$locale_remove"
     ;;
     *)
-        echo "Unsupported state: $state" >&2
+        echo "Unsupported state: $state_should" >&2
         exit 1
     ;;
 esac

cdist/conf/type/__locale_system/manifest

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # 2012-2016 Steven Armstrong (steven-cdist at armstrong.cc)
 # 2016 Carlos Ortigoza (carlos.ortigoza at ungleich.ch)
 # 2016 Nico Schottelius (nico.schottelius at ungleich.ch)
+# 2020 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera at ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
 #
 # This file is part of cdist.
 #
@@ -23,17 +24,171 @@
 # Configure system-wide locale by modifying i18n file.
 #
 
+version_ge() {
+    awk -F '[^0-9.]' -v target="${1:?}" '
+    function max(x, y) { return x > y ? x : y }
+    BEGIN {
+        getline
+        nx = split($1, x, ".")
+        ny = split(target, y, ".")
+        for (i = 1; i <= max(nx, ny); ++i) {
+            diff = int(x[i]) - int(y[i])
+            if (diff == 0) continue
+            exit (diff < 0)
+        }
+    }'
+}
+
+
+key=$__object_id
+onchange_cmd=  # none, by default
+quote_value=false
+
+catval() {
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2059
+    printf "$($quote_value && echo '"%s"' || echo '%s')" "$(cat "$1")"
+}
+
+state_should=$(cat "${__object}/parameter/state")
+
 os=$(cat "$__global/explorer/os")
 
-case "$os" in
-    debian|ubuntu)
+case $os
+in
+    debian)
+        if version_ge 4 <"${__global}/explorer/os_version"
+        then
+            # Debian 4 (etch) and later
+            locale_conf="/etc/default/locale"
+        else
+            locale_conf="/etc/environment"
+        fi
+        ;;
+    devuan)
         locale_conf="/etc/default/locale"
         ;;
+    ubuntu)
+        if version_ge 6.10 <"${__global}/explorer/os_version"
+        then
+            # Ubuntu 6.10 (edgy) and later
+            locale_conf="/etc/default/locale"
+        else
+            locale_conf="/etc/environment"
+        fi
+        ;;
     archlinux)
         locale_conf="/etc/locale.conf"
         ;;
-    redhat|centos)
-        locale_conf="/etc/sysconfig/i18n"
+    centos|redhat|scientific)
+        # shellcheck source=/dev/null
+        version_id=$(. "${__global}/explorer/os_release" && echo "${VERSION_ID:-0}")
+        if echo "${version_id}" | version_ge 7
+        then
+            locale_conf="/etc/locale.conf"
+        else
+            locale_conf="/etc/sysconfig/i18n"
+        fi
+        ;;
+    fedora)
+        # shellcheck source=/dev/null
+        version_id=$(. "${__global}/explorer/os_release" && echo "${VERSION_ID:-0}")
+        if echo "${version_id}" | version_ge 18
+        then
+            locale_conf="/etc/locale.conf"
+            quote_value=false
+        else
+            locale_conf="/etc/sysconfig/i18n"
+        fi
+        ;;
+    gentoo)
+        case $(cat "${__global}/explorer/init")
+        in
+            (*openrc*)
+                locale_conf="/etc/env.d/02locale"
+                onchange_cmd="env-update --no-ldconfig"
+                quote_value=true
+                ;;
+            (systemd)
+                locale_conf="/etc/locale.conf"
+                ;;
+        esac
+        ;;
+    freebsd|netbsd)
+        # NetBSD doesn't have a separate configuration file to set locales.
+        # In FreeBSD locales could be configured via /etc/login.conf but parsing
+        # that would be annoying, so the shell login file will have to do.
+        # "Non-POSIX" shells like csh will not be updated here.
+
+        locale_conf="/etc/profile"
+        quote_value=true
+        value="$(catval "${__object}/parameter/value"); export ${key}"
+        ;;
+    solaris)
+        locale_conf="/etc/default/init"
+        locale_conf_group="sys"
+
+        if version_ge 5.11 <"${__global}/explorer/os_version"
+        then
+            # mode on Oracle Solaris 11 is actually 0444,
+            # but the write bit makes sense, IMO
+            locale_conf_mode=0644
+
+            # Oracle Solaris 11.2 and later uses SMF to store environment info.
+            # This is a hack, but I didn't feel like modifying the whole type
+            # just for some Oracle nonsense.
+            # 11.3 apparently added nlsadm(1m), but it is missing from 11.2.
+            # Illumos continues to use /etc/default/init
+            # NOTE: Remember not to use "cool" POSIX features like -q or -e with
+            # Solaris grep.
+            release_regex='Oracle Solaris 11.[2-9][0-9]*'
+            case $state_should
+            in
+                (present)
+                    svccfg_cmd="svccfg -s svc:/system/environment:init setprop environment/${key} = astring: '$(cat "${__object}/parameter/value")'"
+                    ;;
+                (absent)
+                    svccfg_cmd="svccfg -s svc:/system/environment:init delprop environment/${key}"
+                    ;;
+            esac
+            refresh_cmd='svcadm refresh svc:/system/environment'
+            onchange_cmd="grep '${release_regex}' /etc/release >&- || exit 0; ${svccfg_cmd:-:} && ${refresh_cmd}"
+        else
+            locale_conf_mode=0555
+        fi
+        ;;
+    slackware)
+        # NOTE: lang.csh (csh config) is ignored here.
+        locale_conf="/etc/profile.d/lang.sh"
+        locale_conf_mode=0755
+        key="export ${__object_id}"
+        ;;
+    suse)
+        if test -s "${__global}/explorer/os_release"
+        then
+            # shellcheck source=/dev/null
+            os_version=$(. "${__global}/explorer/os_release" && echo "${VERSION}")
+        else
+            os_version=$(sed -n 's/^VERSION\ *=\ *//p' "${__global}/explorer/os_version")
+        fi
+        os_major=$(expr "${os_version}" : '\([0-9]\{1,\}\)')
+
+        # https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP2/html/SLES-all/cha-suse.html#sec-suse-l10n
+        if expr "${os_major}" '>=' 15 \& "${os_major}" != 42
+        then
+            # It seems that starting with SuSE 15 the systemd /etc/locale.conf
+            # is the preferred way to set locales, although
+            # /etc/sysconfig/language is still available.
+            # Older documentation doesn't mention /etc/locale.conf, even though
+            # is it created when localectl is used.
+            locale_conf="/etc/locale.conf"
+        else
+            locale_conf="/etc/sysconfig/language"
+            quote_value=true
+            key="RC_${__object_id}"
+        fi
+        ;;
+    voidlinux)
+        locale_conf="/etc/locale.conf"
         ;;
     *)
         echo "Your operating system ($os) is currently not supported by this type (${__type##*/})." >&2
@@ -42,14 +197,16 @@ case "$os" in
         ;;
 esac
 
-__file "$locale_conf" \
-       --owner root --group root --mode 644 \
-       --state exists
+__file "${locale_conf}" --state exists \
+    --owner "${locale_conf_owner:-0}" \
+    --group "${locale_conf_group:-0}" \
+    --mode "${locale_conf_mode:-0644}"
 
-require="__file/$locale_conf" \
-       __key_value "$locale_conf:$__object_id" \
-       --file "$locale_conf" \
-       --key "$__object_id" \
-       --delimiter = \
-       --state "$(cat "$__object/parameter/state")" \
-       --value "$(cat "$__object/parameter/value")"
+require="__file/${locale_conf}" \
+__key_value "${locale_conf}:${key#export }" \
+    --file "${locale_conf}" \
+    --key "${key}" \
+    --delimiter '=' --exact_delimiter \
+    --state "${state_should}" \
+    --value "${value:-$(catval "${__object}/parameter/value")}" \
+    --onchange "${onchange_cmd}"

cdist/conf/type/__localedef/explorer/state

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+#
+# 2020 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera at ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# This explorer determines if the locale is defined on the target system.
+# Will print nothing on error.
+#
+# Possible output:
+#  present:
+#    the main locale (and possibly aliases) is present
+#  absent:
+#    neither the main locale nor any aliases are present
+#  alias-present:
+#    the main locale is absent, but at least one of its aliases is present
+#
+
+# Hardcoded, create a pull request in case it is at another location for
+# some other distro. (cf. gencode-remote)
+aliasfile='/usr/share/locale/locale.alias'
+
+command -v locale >/dev/null 2>&1 || exit 0
+
+locales=$(locale -a)
+
+parse_locale() {
+	# This function will split locales into their parts. Locale strings are
+	# usually of the form: [language[_territory][.codeset][@modifier]]
+	# For simplicity, language and territory are not separated by this function.
+	# Old Linux systems were also using "english" or "german" as locale strings.
+	# Usage: parse_locale locale_str lang_var codeset_var modifier_var
+	eval "${2:?}"="$(expr "$1" : '\([^.@]*\)')"
+	eval "${3:?}"="$(expr "$1" : '[^.]*\.\([^@]*\)')"
+	eval "${4:?}"="$(expr "$1" : '.*@\(.*\)$')"
+}
+
+format_locale() {
+	# Usage: format_locale language codeset modifier
+	printf '%s' "$1"
+	test -z "$2" || printf '.%s' "$2"
+	test -z "$3" || printf '@%s' "$3"
+	printf '\n'
+}
+
+gnu_normalize_codeset() {
+	# reimplementation of glibc/locale/programs/localedef.c normalize_codeset()
+	echo "$*" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr -cd '[:alnum:]'
+}
+
+locale_available() (
+	echo "${locales}" | grep -qxF "$1" || {
+		# glibc uses "normalized" locale names in archives.
+		# If a locale is stored in an archive, the normalized name will be
+		# printed by locale, so that needs to be checked, too.
+		localename=$(
+			parse_locale "$1" _lang _codeset _modifier \
+			&& format_locale "${_lang:?}" "$(gnu_normalize_codeset "${_codeset?}")" \
+			   "${_modifier?}")
+		echo "${locales}" | grep -qxF "${localename}"
+	}
+)
+
+if locale_available "${__object_id:?}"
+then
+	echo present
+else
+	# NOTE: locale.alias can be symlinked.
+	if test -e "${aliasfile}"
+	then
+		# Check if one of the aliases of the locale is defined
+		baselocale=$(
+			parse_locale "${__object_id:?}" _lang _codeset _modifiers \
+			&& format_locale "${_lang}" "${_codeset}")
+		while read -r _alias _localename
+		do
+			if test "${_localename}" = "${baselocale}" \
+				&& echo "${locales}" | grep -qxF "${_alias}"
+			then
+				echo alias-present
+				exit 0
+			fi
+		done <"${aliasfile}"
+	fi
+
+	echo absent
+fi

cdist/conf/type/__localedef/files/lib/glibc.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# -*- mode: sh; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
+
+gnu_normalize_codeset() {
+	echo "$*" | tr -cd '[:alnum:]' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
+}

cdist/conf/type/__localedef/files/lib/locale.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# -*- mode: sh; indent-tabs-mode:t -*-
+
+parse_locale() {
+	# This function will split locales into their parts. Locale strings are
+	# usually of the form: [language[_territory][.codeset][@modifier]]
+	# For simplicity, language and territory are not separated by this function.
+	# Old Linux systems were also using "english" or "german" as locale strings.
+	# Usage: parse_locale locale_str lang_var codeset_var modifier_var
+	eval "${2:?}"="$(expr "$1" : '\([^.@]*\)')"
+	eval "${3:?}"="$(expr "$1" : '[^.]*\.\([^@]*\)')"
+	eval "${4:?}"="$(expr "$1" : '.*@\(.*\)$')"
+}
+
+format_locale() {
+	# Usage: format_locale language codeset modifier
+	printf '%s' "$1"
+	test -z "$2" || printf '.%s' "$2"
+	test -z "$3" || printf '@%s' "$3"
+	printf '\n'
+}

cdist/conf/type/__localedef/gencode-remote

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+#
+# 2013-2019 Nico Schottelius (nico-cdist at schottelius.org)
+# 2020 Dennis Camera (dennis.camera at ssrq-sds-fds.ch)
+#
+# This file is part of cdist.
+#
+# cdist is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# cdist is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with cdist. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# Manage system locales using localedef(1).
+#
+
+# shellcheck source=cdist/conf/type/__localedef/files/lib/locale.sh
+. "${__type:?}/files/lib/locale.sh"
+# shellcheck source=cdist/conf/type/__localedef/files/lib/glibc.sh
+. "${__type:?}/files/lib/glibc.sh"
+
+state_is=$(cat "${__object:?}/explorer/state")
+state_should=$(cat "${__object:?}/parameter/state")
+
+test "${state_should}" = 'present' -o "${state_should}" = 'absent' || {
+	printf 'Invalid state: %s\n' "${state_should}" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# NOTE: If state explorer fails (e.g. locale(1) missing), the following check
+#       will always fail and let definition/removal run.
+if test "${state_is}" = "${state_should}"
+then
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+locale=${__object_id:?}
+os=$(cat "${__global:?}/explorer/os")
+
+if expr "${locale}" : '.*/' >/dev/null
+then
+	printf 'Paths as locales are not supported.\n' >&2
+	printf '__object_id is: %s\n' "${locale}" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+: "${lang=}" "${codeset=}" "${modifier=}"  # declare variables for shellcheck
+parse_locale "${locale}" lang codeset modifier
+
+
+case ${os}
+in
+	(alpine|openwrt)
+		printf '%s does not support locales.\n' "${os}" >&2
+		exit 1
+		;;
+	(archlinux|debian|devuan|ubuntu|suse|centos|fedora|redhat|scientific)
+		# FIXME: The code below only works for glibc-based installations.
+
+		# NOTE: Hardcoded, create a pull request in case it is at another
+		#       location for some opther distro.
+		# NOTE: locale.alias can be symlinked (e.g. Debian)
+		aliasfile='/usr/share/locale/locale.alias'
+
+		case ${state_should}
+		in
+			(present)
+				input=$(format_locale "${lang}" '' "${modifier}")
+				cat <<-EOF
+				set --
+				if test -e '${aliasfile}'
+				then
+					set -- -A '${aliasfile}'
+				fi
+
+				localedef -i '${input}' -f '${codeset}' "\$@" '${locale}'
+				EOF
+				;;
+			(absent)
+				main_localename=$(format_locale "${lang}" "$(gnu_normalize_codeset "${codeset}")" "${modifier}")
+
+				cat <<-EOF
+				while read -r _alias _localename
+				do
+				    if test "\${_localename}" = '$(format_locale "${lang}" "${codeset}")'
+				    then
+				        localedef --delete-from-archive "\${_alias}"
+				    fi
+				done <'${aliasfile}'
+				EOF
+
+				if test "${state_is}" = present
+				then
+					printf "localedef --delete-from-archive '%s'\n" "${main_localename}"
+				fi
+				;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	(freebsd)
+		case ${state_should}
+		in
+			(present)
+				if expr "$(grep -oe '^[0-9]*' "${__global:?}/explorer/os_version")" '>=' 11 >/dev/null
+				then
+					# localedef(1) is available with FreeBSD >= 11
+					printf "localedef -i '%s' -f '%s' '%s'\n" "${input}" "${codeset}" "${locale}"
+				else
+					printf 'localedef(1) was added to FreeBSD starting with version 11.\n' >&2
+					printf 'Please upgrade your FreeBSD installation to use %s.\n' "${__type##*/}" >&2
+					exit 1
+				fi
+				;;
+			(absent)
+				printf "rm -R '/usr/share/locale/%s'\n" "${locale}"
+				;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	(netbsd|openbsd)
+		# NetBSD/OpenBSD are missing localedef(1).
+		# We also do not delete defined locales because they can't be recreated.
+		echo "${os} is lacking localedef(1). Locale management unavailable." >&2
+		exit 1
+		;;
+	(*)
+		echo "Your operating system (${os}) is currently not supported by this type (${__type##*/})." >&2
+		echo "Please contribute an implementation for it if you can." >&2
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac

cdist/conf/type/__localedef/man.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+cdist-type__localedef(7)
+========================
+
+NAME
+----
+cdist-type__localedef - Define and remove system locales
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This cdist type allows you to define locales on the system using
+:strong:`localedef`\ (1) or remove them.
+On systems that don't support definition of new locales, the type will raise an
+error.
+
+**NB:** This type respects the glibc ``locale.alias`` file,
+i.e. it defines alias locales or deletes aliases of a locale when it is removed.
+It is not possible, however, to use alias names to define locales or only remove
+certain aliases of a locale.
+
+
+OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
+-------------------
+state
+   ``present`` or ``absent``. Defaults to ``present``.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    # Add locale de_CH.UTF-8
+    __localedef de_CH.UTF-8
+
+    # Same as above, but more explicit
+    __localedef de_CH.UTF-8 --state present
+
+    # Remove colourful British English
+    __localedef en_GB.UTF-8 --state absent
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+:strong:`locale`\ (1),
+:strong:`localedef`\ (1),
+:strong:`cdist-type__locale_system`\ (7)
+
+
+AUTHORS
+-------
+| Dennis Camera <dennis.camera--@--ssrq-sds-fds.ch>
+| Nico Schottelius <nico-cdist--@--schottelius.org>
+
+
+COPYING
+-------
+Copyright \(C) 2013-2019 Nico Schottelius, 2020 Dennis Camera. Free use of this
+software is granted under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3
+or later (GPLv3+).