add the broken internet

content/u/blog/the-broken-internet/contents.lr

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+title: The broken Internet
+---
+pub_date: 2020-09-02
+---
+author: Nico Schottelius
+---
+twitter_handle: NicoSchottelius
+---
+_hidden: no
+---
+_discoverable: no
+---
+abstract:
+---
+body:
+
+## TL;DR
+
+The Internet is broken and IPv6 can repair part of it.
+
+## The Internet is broken
+
+If you are working in IT or if you
+computer scientist, you probably have mumbled this
+sentence already before yourself: "the network is broken", or more
+specific, "the Internet is broken".
+
+But what is really wrong with the Internet?
+
+## Computers are not reachable by default
+
+One of the most bizarre and weird things in the Internet is that
+computers cannot reach each other. You might have a question mark
+reading this claim, so I'll try to elaborate a bit:
+
+While you are reading this article, checkout your IP address on your
+computer. Does it start with 192.168., 10. or 172.16.? It probably
+does and that means your computer is configured to use a **private**, or
+**degraded** IPv4 address. These addresses are being filtered on the
+Internet and are used, because your provider does not have enough
+**proper, public** IPv4 addresses.
+
+## What is the problem with degraded IP addresses?
+
+The first problem is that these IP addresses are used multiple
+times. You, your neighbor, people in different cities - they all use
+the same IP address. So if you want to reach their computer you need
+to tell your computer "I want to reach that computer on 192.168.1.42",
+but your computer is already on the same address! How can it send to
+192.168.1.42? It can't!
+
+The second problem with these degraded IP addresses is that you cannot use
+them on the Internet. Because these IP addresses are private and not
+supposed to be seen in the Internet, they are filtered by ISPs.
+
+You might be puzzled reading this, because you are in the Internet
+reading this article, aren't you?
+
+## You are not in the Internet
+
+Practically seen, having a private IP address, you are a second class
+citizen of the Internet. You cannot tell anybody else "this is my IP
+address, just download a file from my computer". If you want to
+download a file from a friend, you will need to use an external
+service, like cloud storage.
+
+If you want to chat with someone, you again cannot just connect to the
+computer or mobile phone of the person you want to connect to. Instead
+you will need to use another intermediary party.
+
+This is not the Internet. The Internet is a network of networks, which
+allows anyone to connect anywhere.
+
+You want to access your own NAS that is in your home? You'll again
+need to connect it to someone else to be able to reach it.
+
+![](/u/image/ipv4doublenat.png)
+
+All those intermediate services introduce latency and cost into your
+daily routine. For many of us above scenario sounds like a normal
+thing to do. However, it is a very degraded version of the Internet
+that we are using.
+
+## No public IP addresses left
+
+So why are using private IP addresses anyway? Basically your ISP, like
+almost all ISPs in the world does not have enough
+public IP addresses to give every of your device a public IP
+address. So instead of connecting you directly to the Internet, you
+are given a maximum of 1 public IPv4 address for all your devices.
+
+However even 1 public IPv4 address per customer was too much for some
+ISPs. So they started repeating the NAT process, making the network
+more complex, slower and also putting you further away from other
+participants of the Internet.
+
+![](/u/image/ipv4natandcgnat.png)