forked from ungleich-public/ccollect
1238 lines
51 KiB
Text
1238 lines
51 KiB
Text
ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using
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============================================
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Nico Schottelius <nico-ccollect__@__schottelius.org>
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0.9, for ccollect 0.9, Initial Version from 2006-01-13
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:Author Initials: NS
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(pseudo) incremental backup
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with different exclude lists
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using hardlinks and `rsync`
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Introduction
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------------
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`ccollect` is a backup utility written in the sh-scripting language.
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It does not depend on a specific shell, only `/bin/sh` needs to be
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bourne shell compatible (like 'dash', 'ksh', 'zsh', 'bash', ...).
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Supported and tested operating systems and architectures
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`ccollect` was successfully tested on the following platforms:
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- FreeBSD on amd64/i386
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- GNU/Linux on amd64/arm/hppa/i386/ppc
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- Mac OS X 10.5
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- NetBSD on alpha/amd64/i386/sparc/sparc64
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- OpenBSD on amd64
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It *should* run on any Unix that supports `rsync` and has a POSIX-compatible
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bourne shell. If your platform is not listed above and you have it successfully
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running, please drop me a mail.
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Why you COULD only backup from remote hosts, not to them
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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While considering the design of ccollect, I thought about enabling
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backup to *remote* hosts. Though this sounds like a nice feature
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('"Backup my notebook to the server now."'), in my opinion it is a
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bad idea to backup to a remote host.
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But as more and more people requested this feature, it was implemented,
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so you have the choice whether you want to use it or not.
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Reason
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^^^^^^
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If you want to backup *TO* a remote host, you have to loosen security on it.
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Imagine the following situation: You backup your farm of webservers *TO*
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a backup host somewhere else.
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Now one of your webservers which has access to your backup host gets
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compromised.
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Your backup server will be compromised, too.
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And the attacker will have access to all data on the other webservers.
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Doing it securely
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Think of it the other way round: The backup server (now behind a
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firewall, not accessable from outside) connects to the
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webservers and pulls the data *from* them. If someone gets access to one
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of the webservers, this person will perhaps not even see your machine. If
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the attacker sees connections from a host to the compromised
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machine, she will not be able to log in on the backup machine.
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All other backups are still secure.
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Incompatibilities and changes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Versions 0.9 and 1.0
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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- Added "Error: " prefix in _exit_err()
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Versions 0.8 and 0.9
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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- Renamed script to ccollect (.sh is not needed)
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- Removed feature to backup to a host via ccollect, added new tool
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(FIXME: insert name here) that takes care of this via tunnel
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- Perhaps creating subdirectory of source name (idea from Stefan Schlörholz)
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Versions 0.7 and 0.8
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.The argument order changed:
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- Old: "<interval name> [args] <sources to backup>"
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- New: "[args] <interval name> <sources to backup>"
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If you did not use arguments (most people do not), nothing will
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change for you.
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.Deletion of incomplete backups using the 'delete_incomplete' option
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- Old: Only incomplete backups from the current interval have been removed
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- New: All incomplete backups are deleted
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.Support for standard values
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- Old: no support
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- New: Options in $CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults are used as defaults (see below)
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Versions 0.6 and 0.7
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.The format of `destination` changed:
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- Before 0.7 it was a (link to a) directory
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- As of 0.7 it is a textfile containing the destination
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You can update your configuration using `tools/config-pre-0.7-to-0.7.sh`.
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.Added 'remote_host'
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- As of 0.7 it is possible to backup *to* hosts (see section remote_host below).
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Versions 0.5 and 0.6
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.The format of `rsync_options` changed:
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- Before 0.6 it was whitespace delimeted
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- As of 0.6 it is newline seperated (so you can pass whitespaces to `rsync`)
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You can update your configuration using `tools/config-pre-0.6-to-0.6.sh`.
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.The name of the backup directories changed:
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- Before 0.6: "date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M"
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- As of 0.6: "date +%Y%m%d-%H%M" (better readable, date is closer together)
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For the second change there is no updated needed, as XXXX- is always before
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XXXXX (- comes before digit).
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Versions 0.4 and 0.5
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Not a real incompatibilty, but seems to fit in this section:
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.0.5 does *NOT* require
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- PaX
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- bc
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anymore!
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Versions < 0.4 and 0.4
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Since `ccollect` 0.4 there are several incompatibilities with earlier
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versions:
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.List of incompatibilities
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- `pax` (Posix) is now required, `cp -al` (GNU specific) is removed
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- "interval" was written with two 'l' (ell), which is wrong in English
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- Changed the name of backup directories, removed the colon in the interval
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- ccollect will now exit when preexec returns non-zero
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- ccollect now reports when postexec returns non-zero
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You can convert your old configuration directory using
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`config-pre-0.4-to-0.4.sh`, which can be found in the *tools/*
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subdirectory:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:05] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.4# ./tools/config-pre-0.4-to-0.4.sh /etc/ccollect
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Quick start
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-----------
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For those who do not want to read the whole long document:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# get latest ccollect tarball from http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/ccollect/
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# replace value for CCV with the current version
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export CCV=0.8.1
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#
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# replace 'wget' with 'fetch' on bsd
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#
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holen=wget
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"$holen" http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/ccollect/ccollect-${CCV}.tar.bz2
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# extract the tarball, change to the newly created directory
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tar -xvjf ccollect-${CCV}.tar.bz2
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cd ccollect-${CCV}
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# create mini-configuration
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# first create directory structure
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mkdir -p miniconfig/defaults/intervals
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mkdir miniconfig/sources
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# create sample intervals
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echo 2 > miniconfig/defaults/intervals/testinterval
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echo 3 > miniconfig/defaults/intervals/testinterval2
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# create destination directory, where the backups will be kept
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mkdir ~/DASI
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# create sample source, which will be saved
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mkdir miniconfig/sources/testsource
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# We will save '/bin' to the directory '~/DASI'
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echo '/bin' > miniconfig/sources/testsource/source
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# configure ccollect to use ~/DASI as destination
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echo ~/DASI > miniconfig/sources/testsource/destination
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# We want to see what happens and also a small summary at the end
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touch miniconfig/sources/testsource/verbose
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touch miniconfig/sources/testsource/summary
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echo "do the backup, twice"
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CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
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CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
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echo "the third time ccollect begins to remove old backups"
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echo -n "Hit enter to see it"
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read
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CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
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echo "Now we add another interval, ccollect should clone from existent ones"
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echo -n "Hit enter to see it"
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read
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CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval2 testsource
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echo "Let's see how much space we used with two backups and compare it to /bin"
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du -s ~/DASI /bin
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# report success
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echo "Please report success using ./tools/report_success.sh"
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Cutting and pasting the complete section above to your shell will result in
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the download of ccollect, the creation of a sample configuration and the
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execution of some backups.
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Requirements
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------------
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Installing ccollect
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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For the installation you need at least
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- the latest ccollect package (http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/ccollect/)
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- either `cp` and `chmod` or `install`
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- for more comfort: `make`
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- for rebuilding the generated documentation: additionally `asciidoc`
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Using ccollect
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.Running ccollect requires the following tools to be installed:
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- `date`
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- `rsync`
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- `ssh` (if you want to use rsync over ssh, which is recommened for security)
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Installing
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----------
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Either type 'make install' or simply copy it to a directory in your
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$PATH and execute 'chmod *0755* /path/to/ccollect.sh'. If you like
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to use the new management scripts (available since 0.6), copy the
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following scripts to a directory in $PATH:
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- `tools/ccollect_add_source.sh`
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- `tools/ccollect_analyse_logs.sh.sh`
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- `tools/ccollect_delete_source.sh`
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- `tools/ccollect_list_intervals.sh`
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- `tools/ccollect_logwrapper.sh`
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After having installed and used ccollect, report success using
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'./tools/report_success.sh'.
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Configuring
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-----------
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For configuration aid have a look at the above mentioned tools, which can assist
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you quite well. When you are successfully using `ccollect`, I would be happy if
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you add a link to your website, stating "I backup with ccollect", which points
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to the ccollect homepage. So more people now about ccollect, use it and
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improve it. You can also report success using `tools/report_success.sh`.
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Runtime options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`ccollect` looks for its configuration in '/etc/ccollect' or, if set, in
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the directory specified by the variable '$CCOLLECT_CONF':
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# sh-compatible (dash, zsh, mksh, ksh, bash, ...)
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$ CCOLLECT_CONF=/your/config/dir ccollect.sh ...
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# csh
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$ ( setenv CCOLLECT_CONF /your/config/dir ; ccollect.sh ... )
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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When you start `ccollect`, you have to specify in which interval
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to backup (daily, weekly, yearly; you can specify the names yourself, see below)
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and which sources to backup (or -a to backup all sources).
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The interval specifies how many backups are kept.
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There are also some self-explanatory parameters you can pass to ccollect,
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simply use `ccollect.sh --help` for info.
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General configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The general configuration can be found in $CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults or
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/etc/ccollect/defaults. All options specified there are generally valid for
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all source definitions, although the values can be overwritten in the source
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configuration.
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All configuration entries are plain-text files
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(use UTF-8 for non-ascii characters).
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Interval definition
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The interval definition can be found in
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'$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/intervals/' or '/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals'.
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Each file in this directory specifies an interval. The name of the file is
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the same as the name of the interval: `intervals/'<interval name>'`.
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The content of this file should be a single line containing a number.
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This number defines how many versions of this interval are kept.
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Example:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/defaults/intervals/
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insgesamt 12
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 10:24 daily
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 11:36 monthly
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-08 11:36 weekly
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[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/defaults/intervals/*
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28
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12
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4
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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This means to keep 28 daily backups, 12 monthly backups and 4 weekly.
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General pre- and post-execution
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you add '$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/`pre_exec`' or
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'/etc/ccollect/defaults/`pre_exec`' (same with `post_exec`), `ccollect`
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will start `pre_exec` before the whole backup process and
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`post_exec` after backup of all sources is done.
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If `pre_exec` exits with a non-zero return code, the whole backup
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process will be aborted.
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The `pre_exec` and `post_exec` script can access the following exported variables:
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- 'INTERVAL': the interval selected (`daily`)
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- 'no_sources': number of sources to backup (`2`)
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- 'source_$no': name of the source, '$no' starts at 0 (`$source_0`)
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The following example describes how to report free disk space in
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human readable format before and after the whole backup process:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[13:00] hydrogenium:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/
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[13:00] hydrogenium:~# echo '#!/bin/sh' > /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# echo '' >> /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# echo 'df -h' >> /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# chmod 0755 /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# ln -s /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec /etc/ccollect/defaults/post_exec
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Source configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Each source configuration exists in '$CCOLLECT_CONF/sources/$name' or
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'/etc/ccollect/sources/$name'.
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The name you choose for the subdirectory describes the source.
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Each source contains at least the following files:
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- `source` (a text file containing the `rsync` compatible path to backup)
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- `destination` (a text file containing the directory we should backup to)
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Additionally a source may have the following files:
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- `pre_exec` program to execute before backing up *this* source
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- `post_exec` program to execute after backing up *this* source
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- `verbose` whether to be verbose (passes -v to `rsync`)
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- `very_verbose` be very verbose (`mkdir -v`, `rm -v` and `rsync -vv`)
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- `summary` create a transfer summary when `rsync` finished
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- `exclude` exclude list for `rsync`. newline seperated list.
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- `rsync_options` extra options for `rsync`. newline seperated list.
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- `delete_incomplete` delete incomplete backups
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- `remote_host` host to backup to
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- `rsync_failure_codes` list of rsync exit codes that indicate complete failure
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- `mtime` Sort backup directories based on their modification time
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- `quiet_if_down` Suppress error messages if source is not connectable
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2
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insgesamt 12
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 destination
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 62 2005-12-07 17:43 exclude
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drwxr-xr-x 2 nico users 4096 2005-12-07 17:38 intervals
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 15 2005-11-17 16:44 source
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
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openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
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nicht_reinnehmen
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etwas mit leerzeichenli
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervals
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insgesamt 4
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
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[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/daily
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5
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[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/source
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/home/nico/vpn
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Default options
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you add '$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/`option_name`', the value will
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be used in abscence of the option in a source. If you want to prevent
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the default value to be used in a source, you can create the file
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'$CCOLLECT_CONF/sources/$name/`no_option_name`' (i.e. prefix it with
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'no_'.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[9:04] ikn2:ccollect% touch conf/defaults/verbose
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[9:04] ikn2:ccollect% touch conf/sources/local/no_verbose
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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This enables the verbose option for all sources, but disables it for the
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source 'local'.
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If an option is specified in the defaults folder and in the source,
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the source specific version overrides the default one:
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[9:05] ikn2:ccollect% echo "backup-host" > conf/defaults/remote_host
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[9:05] ikn2:ccollect% echo "different-host" > conf/sources/local/remote_host
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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You can use all source options as defaults, with the exception of
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- `source`
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- `destination`
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- `pre_exec`
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- `post_exec`
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Detailed description of "source"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`source` describes a `rsync` compatible source (one line only).
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For instance 'backup_user@foreign_host:/home/server/video'.
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To use the `rsync` protocol without the `ssh`-tunnel, use
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'rsync::USER@HOST/SRC'. For more information have a look at the manpage
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of `rsync`(1).
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Detailed description of "destination"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`destination` must be a text file containing the destination directory.
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`destination` *USED* to be a link to the destination directory in
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earlier versions, so do not be confused if you see such examples.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:36] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/destination
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/home/nico/backupdir
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "remote_host"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`remote_host` must be a text file containing the destination host.
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If this file is existing, you are backing up your data *TO* this host
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and *not* to you local host.
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*Warning*: You need to have `ssh` access to the remote host. `rsync` and
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`ccollect` will connect to that host via `ssh`. `ccollect` needs the shell
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access, because it needs to find out how many backups exist on the remote
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host and to be able to delete them.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:17] denkbrett:ccollect-0.7.0% cat conf/sources/remote1/remote_host
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home.schottelius.org
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
It may contain all the ssh-specific values like 'myuser@yourhost.ch'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "verbose"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
`verbose` tells `ccollect` that the log should contain verbose messages.
|
|
|
|
If this file exists in the source specification *-v* will be passed to `rsync`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% touch conf/sources/testsource1/verbose
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "very_verbose"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
`very_verbose` tells `ccollect` that it should log very verbosely.
|
|
|
|
If this file exists in the source specification *-v* will be passed to
|
|
`rsync`, `rm` and `mkdir`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[23:67] nohost:~% touch conf/sources/testsource1/very_verbose
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "summary"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
If you create the file `summary` in the source definition,
|
|
`ccollect` will present you a nice summary at the end.
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
backup:~# touch /etc/ccollect/sources/root/summary
|
|
backup:~# ccollect.sh werktags root
|
|
==> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using interval werktags <==
|
|
[root] Beginning to backup this source ...
|
|
[root] Currently 3 backup(s) exist, total keeping 50 backup(s).
|
|
[root] Beginning to backup, this may take some time...
|
|
[root] Hard linking...
|
|
[root] Transferring files...
|
|
[root]
|
|
[root] Number of files: 84183
|
|
[root] Number of files transferred: 32
|
|
[root] Total file size: 26234080536 bytes
|
|
[root] Total transferred file size: 9988252 bytes
|
|
[root] Literal data: 9988252 bytes
|
|
[root] Matched data: 0 bytes
|
|
[root] File list size: 3016771
|
|
[root] File list generation time: 1.786 seconds
|
|
[root] File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds
|
|
[root] Total bytes sent: 13009119
|
|
[root] Total bytes received: 2152
|
|
[root]
|
|
[root] sent 13009119 bytes received 2152 bytes 2891393.56 bytes/sec
|
|
[root] total size is 26234080536 speedup is 2016.26
|
|
[root] Successfully finished backup.
|
|
==> Finished ccollect.sh <==
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
You could also combine it with `verbose` or `very_verbose`, but these
|
|
already print some statistics (though not all / the same as presented by
|
|
`summary`).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "exclude"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
`exclude` specifies a list of paths to exclude. The entries are seperated by a newline (\n).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
|
|
openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
|
|
nicht_reinnehmen
|
|
etwas mit leerzeichenli
|
|
something with spaces is not a problem
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "intervals/"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
When you create the subdirectory `intervals/` in your source configuration
|
|
directory, you can specify individiual intervals for this specific source.
|
|
Each file in this directory describes an interval.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/
|
|
insgesamt 8
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-14 11:33 yearly
|
|
[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/*
|
|
5
|
|
20
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailled description of "rsync_options"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
When you create the file `rsync_options` in your source configuration,
|
|
all the parameters in this file will be passed to rsync. This
|
|
way you can pass additional options to rsync. For instance you can tell rsync
|
|
to show progress ("--progress"), or which -password-file ("--password-file")
|
|
to use for automatic backup over the rsync-protocol.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[23:42] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/test_rsync/rsync_options
|
|
--password-file=/home/user/backup/protected_password_file
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailled description of "pre_exec" and "post_exec"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
When you create `pre_exec` and / or `post_exec` in your source
|
|
configuration, `ccollect` will execute this command before and
|
|
respectively after doing the backup for *this specific* source.
|
|
If you want to have pre-/post-exec before and after *all*
|
|
backups, see above for general configuration.
|
|
|
|
If `pre_exec` exits with a non-zero return code, the backup
|
|
process of `this source` will be aborted (i.e. backup skipped).
|
|
|
|
The `post_exec` script can access the following exported variables from
|
|
ccollect:
|
|
|
|
- 'name': name of the source that is being backed up
|
|
- 'destination_name': contains the base directory name (`daily.20091031-1013.24496`)
|
|
- 'destination_dir': full path (`/tmp/ccollect/daily.20091031-1013.24496`)
|
|
- 'destination_full': like 'destination_dir', but prepended with the remote_host, if set (`host:/tmp/ccollect/daily.20091031-1013.24496` or `/tmp/ccollect/daily.20091031-1013.24496`)
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[13:09] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.3% cat conf/sources/with_exec/pre_exec
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
|
|
# Show whats free before
|
|
df -h
|
|
[13:09] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.3% cat conf/sources/with_exec/post_exec
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
|
|
# Show whats free after
|
|
df -h
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "delete_incomplete"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
If you create the file `delete_incomplete` in a source specification directory,
|
|
`ccollect` will look for incomplete backups (when the whole `ccollect` process
|
|
was interrupted) and remove them. Without this file `ccollect` will only warn
|
|
the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "rsync_failure_codes"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
If you have the file `rsync_failure_codes` in your source configuration
|
|
directory, it should contain a newline-separated list of numbers representing
|
|
rsync exit codes. If rsync exits with any code in this list, a marker will
|
|
be left in the destination directory indicating failure of this backup. If
|
|
you have enabled delete_incomplete, then this backup will be deleted during
|
|
the next ccollect run on the same interval.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "mtime"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
By default, ccollect.sh chooses the most recent backup directory for cloning or
|
|
the oldest for deletion based on the directory's last change time (ctime).
|
|
With this option, the sorting is done based on modification time (mtime). With
|
|
this version of ccollect, the ctime and mtime of your backups will normally
|
|
be the same and this option has no effect. However, if you, for example, move
|
|
your backups to another hard disk using cp -a or rsync -a, you should use this
|
|
option because the ctimes are not preserved during such operations.
|
|
|
|
If you have any backups in your repository made with ccollect version 0.7.1 or
|
|
earlier, do not use this option.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "quiet_if_down"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
By default, ccollect.sh emits a series of error messages if a source is not
|
|
connectable. With this option enabled, ccollect still reports that the
|
|
source is not connectable but the associated error messages generated by
|
|
rsync or ssh are suppressed. You may want to use this option for sources,
|
|
like notebook PCs, that are often disconnected.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hints
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
Smart logging
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Since ccollect-0.6.1 you can use the ccollect-logwrapper.sh(1) for logging.
|
|
You call it the same way you call ccollect.sh and it will create a
|
|
logfile containing the output of ccollect.sh. For more information look
|
|
at the manpage 'ccollect-logwrapper'. The following is an example running
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh:
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
u0219 ~ # ~chdscni9/ccollect-logwrapper.sh daily u0160.nshq.ch.netstream.com
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh (11722): Starting with arguments: daily u0160.nshq.ch.netstream.com
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh (11722): Finished.
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using a different ssh port
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Mostly easy is to use your ~/.ssh/config file:
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
host mx2.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 2342
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
If you only use that port for backup only and normally want to use another port,
|
|
you can add 'HostName' and "HostKeyAlias" (if you also have different
|
|
keys on the different ports):
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Host hhydrogenium
|
|
Hostname bruehe.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 666
|
|
HostKeyAlias hydrogenium
|
|
|
|
Host bruehe
|
|
Hostname bruehe.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 22
|
|
HostKeyAlias bruehe.schottelius.org
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using source names or interval in pre_/post_exec scripts
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
The pre-/post_exec scripts can access some internal variables from `ccollect`:
|
|
|
|
- 'INTERVAL': The interval specified on the command line
|
|
- 'no_sources': number of sources
|
|
- 'source_$NUM': the name of the source
|
|
- 'name': the name of the currently being backuped source (not available for
|
|
generic pre_exec script)
|
|
|
|
Only available for `post_exec`:
|
|
|
|
- 'remote_host': name of host we backup to (empty if unused)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using rsync protocol without ssh
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
When you have a computer with little computing power, it may be useful to use
|
|
rsync without ssh, directly using the rsync protocol
|
|
(specify 'user@host::share' in `source`). You may wish to use
|
|
`rsync_options` to specify a password file to use for automatic backup.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/source
|
|
backup@webserver::backup-share
|
|
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_options
|
|
--password-file=/etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
|
|
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
|
|
this_is_the_rsync_password
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not excluding top-level directories
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
When you exclude "/proc" or "/mnt" from your backup, you may run into
|
|
trouble when you restore your backup. When you use "/proc/\*" or "/mnt/\*"
|
|
instead, `ccollect` will backup empty directories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[NOTE]
|
|
===========================================
|
|
When those directories contain hidden files
|
|
(those beginning with a dot (*.*)),
|
|
they will still be transferred!
|
|
===========================================
|
|
This hint was reported by Marcus Wagner.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Re-using already created rsync-backups
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
If you used `rsync` directly before you use `ccollect`, you can
|
|
use this old backup as initial backup for `ccollect`: You
|
|
simply move it into a directory below the destination directory
|
|
and name it "'interval'.0".
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
|
|
bin dev etc initrd lost+found mnt root srv usr vmlinuz
|
|
boot doc home lib media opt sbin tmp var vmlinuz.old
|
|
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# mkdir daily.0
|
|
|
|
# ignore error about copying to itself
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# mv * daily.0 2>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
|
|
daily.0
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Now you can use /home/backup/web1 as the `destination` for the backup.
|
|
|
|
[NOTE]
|
|
===============================================================================
|
|
It does not matter anymore how you name your directory, as `ccollect` uses
|
|
the -c option from `ls` to find out which directory to clone from.
|
|
===============================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
[NOTE]
|
|
===============================================================================
|
|
Older versions (pre 0.6, iirc) had a problem, if you named the first backup
|
|
something like "daily.initial". It was needed to use the "*0*" (or some
|
|
number that is lower than the current year) as extension. `ccollect`
|
|
used `sort` to find the latest backup. `ccollect` itself uses
|
|
'interval.YEARMONTHDAY-HOURMINUTE.PID'. This notation was *always* before
|
|
"daily.initial", as numbers are earlier in the list
|
|
which is produced by `sort`. So, if you had a directory named "daily.initial",
|
|
`ccollect` always diffed against this backup and transfered and deleted
|
|
files which where deleted in previous backups. This means you simply
|
|
wasted resources, but your backup had beer complete anyway.
|
|
===============================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using pre_/post_exec
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Your pre_/post_exec script does not need to be a script, you can also
|
|
use a link to
|
|
|
|
- an existing program
|
|
- an already written script
|
|
|
|
The only requirement is that it is executable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using source specific interval definitions
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
When you are backing up multiple hosts via cron each night, it may be
|
|
a problem that host "big_server" may only have 4 daily backups, because
|
|
otherwise its backup device will be full. But for all other hosts
|
|
you want to keep 20 daily backups. In this case you would create
|
|
`/etc/ccollect/default/intervals/daily` containing "20" and
|
|
`/etc/ccollect/sources/big_server/intervals/daily` containing "4".
|
|
|
|
Source specific intervals always overwrite the default values.
|
|
If you have to specify it individually for every host, because
|
|
of different requirements, you can even omit creating
|
|
`/etc/ccollect/default/intervals/daily`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comparing backups
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
If you want to see what changed between two backups, you can use
|
|
`rsync` directly:
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[12:00] u0255:ddba034.netstream.ch# rsync -n -a --delete --stats --progress daily.20080324-0313.17841/ daily.20080325-0313.31148/
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
This results in a listing of changes. Because we pass -n to rsync no transfer
|
|
is made (i.e. report only mode).
|
|
|
|
This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Testing for host reachabilty
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
If you want to test whether the host you try to backup is reachable, you can use
|
|
the following script as source specific pre-exec:
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
# ping -c1 -q `cat "/etc/ccollect/sources/$name/source" | cut -d"@" -f2 | cut -d":" -f1`
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
This prevents the deletion of old backups, if the host is not reachable.
|
|
|
|
This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Easy check for errors
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
If you want to see whether there have been any errors while doing the backup,
|
|
you can run `ccollect` together with `ccollect_analyse_logs.sh`:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
$ ccollect | ccollect_analyse_logs.sh e
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
F.A.Q.
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
What happens if one backup is broken or empty?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Let us assume that one backup failed (connection broke or the source
|
|
hard disk had some failures). Therefore we've got one incomplete backup in our history.
|
|
|
|
`ccollect` will transfer the missing files the next time you use it.
|
|
This leads to
|
|
|
|
- more transferred files
|
|
- much greater disk space usage, as no hardlinks can be used
|
|
|
|
If the whole `ccollect` process was interrupted, `ccollect` (since 0.6) can
|
|
detect that and remove the incomplete backups, so you can clone from a complete
|
|
backup instead
|
|
|
|
|
|
When backing up from localhost the destination is also included. Is this a bug?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
No. `ccollect` passes your source definition directly to `rsync`. It
|
|
does not try to analyze it. So it actually does not know if a source
|
|
comes from local harddisk or from a remote server. And it does not want
|
|
to. When you backup from the local harddisk (which is perhaps not
|
|
even a good idea when thinking of security), add the `destination`
|
|
to 'source/exclude'. (Daniel Aubry reported this problem)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Why does ccollect say "Permission denied" with my pre-/postexec script?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
The most common error is that you have not given your script the correct
|
|
permissions. Try `chmod 0755 /etc/ccollect/sources/'yoursource'/*_exec``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Why does the backup job fail when part of the source is a link?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
When a part of your path you specified in the source is a
|
|
(symbolic, hard links are not possible for directories) link,
|
|
the backup *must* fail.
|
|
|
|
First of all, let us have a look at how it looks like:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
==> ccollect 0.4: Beginning backup using interval taeglich <==
|
|
[testsource] Sa Apr 29 00:01:55 CEST 2006 Beginning to backup
|
|
[testsource] Currently 0 backup(s) exist(s), total keeping 10 backup(s).
|
|
[testsource] Beginning to backup, this may take some time...
|
|
[testsource] Creating /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874 ...
|
|
[testsource] Sa Apr 29 00:01:55 CEST 2006 Transferring files...
|
|
[testsource] rsync: recv_generator: mkdir "/etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect" failed: No such file or directory (2)
|
|
[testsource] rsync: stat "/etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect" failed: No such file or directory (2)
|
|
[...]
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
So what is the problem? It is very obvious when you look deeper into it:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
% cat /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/source
|
|
/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect/ccollect-0.4
|
|
% ls -l /home/user/nico/projekte
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico nico 29 2005-12-02 23:28 /home/user/nico/projekte -> oeffentlich/computer/projekte
|
|
% ls -l /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico nico 29 2006-04-29 00:01 projekte -> oeffentlich/computer/projekte
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
`rsync` creates the directory structure before it creates the symbolic link.
|
|
This link now links to something not reachable (dead link). It is
|
|
impossible to create subdirectories under the broken link.
|
|
|
|
In conclusion you cannot use paths with a linked part.
|
|
|
|
However, you can backup directories containing symbolic links
|
|
(in this case you could backup /home/user/nico, which contains
|
|
/home/user/nico/projekte and oeffentlich/computer/projekte).
|
|
|
|
|
|
How can I prevent missing the right time to enter my password?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
As `ccollect` first deletes the old backups, it may take some time
|
|
until `rsync` requests the password for the `ssh` session from you.
|
|
|
|
The easiest way not to miss that point is running `ccollect` in `screen`,
|
|
which has the ability to monitor the output for activity. So as soon as
|
|
your screen beeps, after `ccollect` began to remove the last directory,
|
|
you can enter your password (have a look at screen(1), especially "C-a M"
|
|
and "C-a _", for more information).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Backup fails, if autofs is running, but sources not reachable
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
If you are trying to backup a system containing paths that are managed
|
|
by autofs, you may run into this error:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
2009-12-01-23:14:15: ccollect 0.8.1: Beginning backup using interval monatlich
|
|
[ikn] 2009-12-01-23:14:15: Beginning to backup
|
|
[ikn] 2009-12-01-23:14:15: Executing /home/users/nico/ethz/ccollect/sources/ikn/pre_exec ...
|
|
Enter LUKS passphrase:
|
|
[ikn] Command successful.
|
|
[ikn] key slot 0 unlocked.
|
|
[ikn] 2009-12-01-23:14:23: Finished /home/users/nico/ethz/ccollect/sources/ikn/pre_exec (return code 0). [ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/projects"
|
|
[ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/scratch"
|
|
[ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/sgscratch"
|
|
[ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/supp"
|
|
[ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/sysadmin"
|
|
[ikn] rsync warning: some files vanished before they could be transferred (code 24) at main.c(1057) [sender=3.0.6]
|
|
[ikn] 2009-12-01-23:44:23: Source / is not readable. Skipping.
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Thus, if you are unsure whether autofs paths can be mounted during backup,
|
|
stop autofs in pre_exec and reenable it in post_exec.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
A backup host configuration from scratch
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
srwali01:~# mkdir /etc/ccollect
|
|
srwali01:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 28 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/taeglich
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 52 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/woechentlich
|
|
srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# mkdir sources
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# cd sources/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# ls
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir local-root
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd local-root/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# echo / > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# cat > exclude << EOF
|
|
> /proc
|
|
> /sys
|
|
> /mnt
|
|
> EOF
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# echo /mnt/hdbackup/local-root > destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/local-root
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ccollect.sh taeglich local-root
|
|
/o> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using interval taeglich
|
|
/=> Beginning to backup "local-root" ...
|
|
|-> 0 backup(s) already exist, keeping 28 backup(s).
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
After that, I added some more sources:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/sources
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-wl6
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd windos-wl6/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# echo /mnt/win/SYS/WL6 > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# echo /mnt/hdbackup/wl6 > destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/wl6
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# cd ..
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-daten
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# echo /mnt/win/Daten > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# echo /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten > destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten
|
|
|
|
# Now add some remote source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# cd ..
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir srwali03
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd srwali03/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# cat > exclude << EOF
|
|
> /proc
|
|
> /sys
|
|
> /mnt
|
|
> /home
|
|
> EOF
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# echo 'root@10.103.2.3:/' > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# echo /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03 > destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using hard-links requires less disk space
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# du (coreutils) 5.2.1
|
|
[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir
|
|
4.6M /home/nico/backupdir
|
|
[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir/*
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:52.28456
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28484
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28507
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28531
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28554
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28577
|
|
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
|
186M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/*
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:42.312
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:45.588
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The backup of our main fileserver:
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
backup:~# df -h /home/backup/srsyg01/
|
|
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
|
/dev/mapper/backup--01-srsyg01
|
|
591G 451G 111G 81% /home/backup/srsyg01
|
|
backup:~# du -sh /home/backup/srsyg01/*
|
|
432G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-24-01:00.15990
|
|
432G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-26-01:00.30152
|
|
434G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-27-01:00.4596
|
|
435G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-28-01:00.11998
|
|
437G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-29-01:00.19115
|
|
437G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-30-01:00.26405
|
|
438G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-31-01:00.1148
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-01-01:00.8321
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-02-01:00.15383
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-03-01:00.22567
|
|
16K /home/backup/srsyg01/lost+found
|
|
backup:~# du --version | head -n1
|
|
du (coreutils) 5.2.1
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Newer versions of du also detect the hardlinks, so we can even compare
|
|
the sizes directly with du:
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[8:16] eiche:~# du --version | head -n 1
|
|
du (GNU coreutils) 5.93
|
|
[8:17] eiche:schwarzesloch# du -slh hydrogenium/*
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.0
|
|
18G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-17-00:27.13820
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-25-23:18.31328
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-26-00:11.3332
|
|
[8:22] eiche:schwarzesloch# du -sh hydrogenium/*
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.0
|
|
12G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-17-00:27.13820
|
|
1.5G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-25-23:18.31328
|
|
200M hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-26-00:11.3332
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
In the second report (without -l) the sizes include the space the inodes of
|
|
the hardlinks allocate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
A collection of backups on the backup server
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
All the data of my important hosts is backuped to eiche into
|
|
/mnt/schwarzesloch/backup:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[9:24] eiche:backup# ls *
|
|
creme:
|
|
woechentlich.2006-01-26-22:22.4153 woechentlich.2006-02-12-11:48.2461
|
|
woechentlich.2006-01-26-22:23.4180 woechentlich.2006-02-18-23:00.7898
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-05-02:43.14281 woechentlich.2006-02-25-23:00.13480
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-00:24.15509 woechentlich.2006-03-04-23:00.25439
|
|
|
|
hydrogenium:
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-27-11:16.6391 durcheinander.2006-02-13-01:07.2895
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-30-19:29.9505 durcheinander.2006-02-17-08:20.6707
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-30-22:27.9623 durcheinander.2006-02-24-16:24.12461
|
|
durcheinander.2006-02-03-09:52.12885 durcheinander.2006-03-03-19:17.18075
|
|
durcheinander.2006-02-05-23:00.15068 durcheinander.2006-03-17-22:41.5007
|
|
|
|
scice:
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-04-10:32.13766 woechentlich.2006-02-16-23:00.6185
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-05-23:02.15093 woechentlich.2006-02-23-23:00.11783
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-08:22.15994 woechentlich.2006-03-02-23:00.17346
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-19:40.16321 woechentlich.2006-03-09-23:00.29317
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-12-11:51.2514 woechentlich.2006-03-16-23:00.4218
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
And this incremental backup and the archive are copied to an external
|
|
usb harddisk (attention: you *should* really use -H to backup the backup):
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[9:23] eiche:backup# df -h
|
|
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
|
rootfs 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /
|
|
/dev/root 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /
|
|
/dev/root 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /dev/.static/dev
|
|
tmpfs 10M 444K 9.6M 5% /dev
|
|
/dev/hdh 29G 3.7M 29G 1% /mnt/datenklo
|
|
tmpfs 110M 4.0K 110M 1% /dev/shm
|
|
/dev/mapper/nirvana 112G 90G 23G 81% /mnt/datennirvana
|
|
/dev/mapper/schwarzes-loch
|
|
230G 144G 86G 63% /mnt/schwarzesloch
|
|
/dev/mapper/archiv 38G 20G 19G 52% /mnt/archiv
|
|
/dev/mapper/usb-backup
|
|
280G 36M 280G 1% /mnt/usb/backup
|
|
[9:24] eiche:backup# cat ~/bin/sync-to-usb
|
|
DDIR=/mnt/usb/backup
|
|
|
|
rsync -av -H --delete /mnt/schwarzesloch/ "$DDIR/schwarzesloch/"
|
|
|
|
rsync -av -H --delete /mnt/archiv/ "$DDIR/archiv/"
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Processes running when doing ccollect -j
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Truncated output from `ps axuwwwf`:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily -j ddba034 ddba045 ddba046 ddba047 ddba049 ddna010 ddna011
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
|
R+ 11:40 23:40 | | | | | \_ rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded --link-dest=/home/server/backup/ddba034
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | | \_ ssh -l root ddba034.netstream.ch rsync --server --sender -vlogDtprR --numeric-ids . /
|
|
S+ 11:41 0:11 | | | | | \_ rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded --link-dest=/home/server/backup/ddb
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba034\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:02 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba045/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1807.6934
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba045\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:02 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba046/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1810.7072
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba046\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba047/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1816.7268
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba047\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
D+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba049/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1821.7504
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba049\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddna010/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1805.6849
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddna010\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
R+ 12:08 0:00 | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddna011/destination/daily.2006-10-20-1502.7824
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddna011\] :
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
As you can see, six processes are deleting old backups, while one backup
|
|
(ddba034) is already copying data.
|