2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.4.4" />
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<title>ccollect- Installieren, Konfigurieren und Anwenden</title>
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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<style type="text/css">
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/* Debug borders */
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p, li, dt, dd, div, pre, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
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/*
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border: 1px solid red;
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*/
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}
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body {
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margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
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}
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a {
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color: blue;
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text-decoration: underline;
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}
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a:visited {
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color: fuchsia;
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}
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em {
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font-style: italic;
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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color: navy;
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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}
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strong {
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font-weight: bold;
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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color: #083194;
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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}
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tt {
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color: navy;
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}
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h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-family: sans-serif;
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margin-top: 1.2em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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line-height: 1.3;
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}
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h1, h2, h3 {
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border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
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}
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h2 {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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}
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h3 {
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float: left;
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}
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h3 + * {
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clear: left;
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}
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div.sectionbody {
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font-family: serif;
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margin-left: 0;
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}
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hr {
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border: 1px solid silver;
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}
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p {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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ul, ol, li > p {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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pre {
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padding: 0;
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margin: 0;
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}
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span#author {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-weight: bold;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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}
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span#email {
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}
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span#revision {
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font-family: sans-serif;
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}
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div#footer {
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-size: small;
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border-top: 2px solid silver;
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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margin-top: 4.0em;
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}
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div#footer-text {
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float: left;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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div#footer-badges {
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float: right;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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div#preamble {
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margin-top: 1.5em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.tableblock, div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
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div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
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div.admonitionblock {
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margin-top: 1.5em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.admonitionblock {
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margin-top: 2.5em;
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margin-bottom: 2.5em;
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}
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div.content { /* Block element content. */
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padding: 0;
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}
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/* Block element titles. */
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div.title, caption.title {
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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color: #527bbd;
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-align: left;
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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div.title + * {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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td div.title:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.content div.title:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.content + div.title {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.sidebarblock > div.content {
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background: #ffffee;
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border: 1px solid silver;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.listingblock > div.content {
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border: 1px solid silver;
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background: #f4f4f4;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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div.quoteblock {
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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padding-left: 2.0em;
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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margin-right: 10%;
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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}
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div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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text-align: right;
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}
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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div.verseblock {
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padding-left: 2.0em;
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margin-right: 10%;
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}
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div.verseblock > div.content {
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white-space: pre;
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}
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div.verseblock > div.attribution {
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padding-top: 0.75em;
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text-align: left;
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}
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/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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div.verseblock + div.attribution {
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text-align: left;
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}
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div.admonitionblock .icon {
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vertical-align: top;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-decoration: underline;
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color: #527bbd;
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padding-right: 0.5em;
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}
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div.admonitionblock td.content {
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padding-left: 0.5em;
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border-left: 2px solid silver;
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}
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div.exampleblock > div.content {
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border-left: 2px solid silver;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
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div.imageblock img { border: 1px solid silver; }
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span.image img { border-style: none; }
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dl {
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margin-top: 0.8em;
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margin-bottom: 0.8em;
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}
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dt {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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font-style: normal;
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color: navy;
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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}
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dd > *:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.1em;
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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}
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ul, ol {
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list-style-position: outside;
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}
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ol.arabic {
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list-style-type: decimal;
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}
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ol.loweralpha {
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list-style-type: lower-alpha;
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}
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ol.upperalpha {
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list-style-type: upper-alpha;
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}
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ol.lowerroman {
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list-style-type: lower-roman;
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}
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ol.upperroman {
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list-style-type: upper-roman;
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}
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div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
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div.compact p, div.compact p,
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div.compact div, div.compact div {
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margin-top: 0.1em;
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margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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}
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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div.tableblock > table {
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border: 3px solid #527bbd;
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}
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thead {
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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tfoot {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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td > div.verse {
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white-space: pre;
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}
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p.table {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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/* Because the table frame attribute is overriden by CSS in most browsers. */
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div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
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border-style: none;
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}
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div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
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border-left-style: none;
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border-right-style: none;
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}
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div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
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border-top-style: none;
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border-bottom-style: none;
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}
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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div.hdlist {
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margin-top: 0.8em;
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margin-bottom: 0.8em;
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}
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div.hdlist tr {
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padding-bottom: 15px;
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}
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dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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td.hdlist1 {
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vertical-align: top;
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font-style: normal;
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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padding-right: 0.8em;
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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color: navy;
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}
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td.hdlist2 {
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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div.hdlist.compact tr {
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margin: 0;
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padding-bottom: 0;
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}
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.comment {
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background: yellow;
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}
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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@media print {
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div#footer-badges { display: none; }
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}
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div#toctitle {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-weight: bold;
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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}
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div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
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margin-top: 0;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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}
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div.toclevel2 {
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margin-left: 2em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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div.toclevel3 {
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margin-left: 4em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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div.toclevel4 {
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margin-left: 6em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="header">
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<h1>ccollect- Installieren, Konfigurieren und Anwenden</h1>
|
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<span id="author">Julian Meier</span><br />
|
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<span id="email"><tt><<a href="mailto:julian.meier__@__julian.mkr-tech.ch">julian.meier__@__julian.mkr-tech.ch</a>></tt></span><br />
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<span id="revision">version 0.1,</span>
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Initiale Version vom 2006-03-04
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</div>
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<div id="preamble">
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<div class="sectionbody">
|
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<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>DIESE ANLEITUNG IST NICHT AKTUELL UND MUSS
|
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AKTUALISIERT WERDEN (siehe Englische Version)</strong>
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inkrementelle Datensicherung
|
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mit <em>hardlinks</em> und <em>rsync</em></p></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="_einleitung">1. Einleitung</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
|
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<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>DIESE ANLEITUNG IST NICHT AKTUELL UND MUSS
|
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|
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AKTUALISIERT WERDEN (siehe Englische Version)</strong></p></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
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<div class="paragraph"><p><em>ccollect</em> ist ein Backuptool geschrieben in der sh-skript Programmiersprache.
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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Es braucht nichts besonderes nur die <em>/bin/sh</em>-Konsole (oder eine kompatible).</p></div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="_installation">2. Installation</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<h3 id="_anforderungen">2.1. Anforderungen</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
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|
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">Die aufgelisteten Werkzeuge müssen für das Benutzen von ccollect installiert sein:</div><ul>
|
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<li>
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<p>
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bc
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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cp
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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rsync
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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date
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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ssh (optional, wenn man ssh-Verbindungen nutzen moechte)
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Am besten überprüfen Sie das mit dem Befehl <em>apt-get install bc rsync ssh</em>.
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
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|
Beim Fehlen eines Werkzeuges wird dieses nachinstalliert.</p></div>
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|
<h3 id="_installieren">2.2. Installieren</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
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|
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
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|
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<p>
|
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|
|
Laden Sie sich die neuste Version von ccollect herunter.
|
|
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|
|
Diese finden Sie unter: <em>http://linux.schottelius.org/ccollect</em>
|
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|
</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<p>
|
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|
|
Wechseln Sie in der Konsole mit "cd <em>Pfad" in das Verzeichniss,
|
|
|
|
|
indem sich das ccollect Archiv befindet.
|
|
|
|
|
Entpacken Sie das Archiv mit "tar xvfj ccollect-$version.tar.bz2".
|
|
|
|
|
Am Besten ist es, wenn Sie jetzt in das Verzeichniss mit den
|
|
|
|
|
entpackten Daten wechseln: "cd 'pfad/'ccollect-'version</em>.
|
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|
</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<p>
|
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|
|
Danach kopieren Sie die Datei <em>ccollect.sh</em> aus dem entpackten Archiv nach
|
|
|
|
|
/usr/local/bin. Das geht mit dem Befehl "cp ccollect.sh /usr/local/bin".
|
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|
</p>
|
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|
</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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|
Nun ändern Sie die Rechte für die Datei damit jeder Benutzer das
|
|
|
|
|
Programm verwenden kann: "chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh"
|
|
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|
|
</p>
|
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|
</li>
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|
<li>
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|
<p>
|
|
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|
|
Erstellen Sie nun das Konfigurationsverzeichnis für ccollect:
|
|
|
|
|
"mkdir /etc/ccollect/"
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
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|
</li>
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<li>
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<p>
|
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|
|
Starten sie nun zum Testen das Programm ccollect mit dem Befehl
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>ccollect.sh</tt> in der Konsole.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
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|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ol></div>
|
|
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|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="_konfiguration">3. Konfiguration</h2>
|
|
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|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="_konfigurationsverzeichnisse">3.1. Konfigurationsverzeichnisse</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Die Konfigurationsdaten befinden sich bei ccollect im oben erstellten Verzeichnis
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
"/etc/ccollect". Um ccollect richtig konfigurieren zu können benötigen Sie
|
|
|
|
|
noch ein paar weitere Verzeichnisse:</p></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
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|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
"/etc/ccollect/defaults" mit:
|
|
|
|
|
<em>mkdir /etc/ccollect/defaults</em>
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
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|
</li>
|
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|
<li>
|
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|
<p>
|
|
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|
|
"/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals" mit:
|
|
|
|
|
<em>mkdir /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals</em>
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
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|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
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|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
"/etc/ccollect/sources" mit:
|
|
|
|
|
<em>mkdir /etc/ccollect/sources</em>
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="_intervalle">3.2. Intervalle</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Der Intervall-Wert definiert, wie viele Backup-Versionen ccollect von
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
den gesicherten Daten behalten soll.
|
|
|
|
|
Der Name der Datei, in der der Wert steht, ist zugleich auch der
|
|
|
|
|
Name des Intervalls.</p></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><tt>julian@flumy:/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals$ ls
|
|
|
|
|
daily
|
|
|
|
|
julian@flumy:/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals$ cat daily
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
julian@flumy:/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals$</tt></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="_intervall_erstellen">3.2.1. Intervall erstellen</h4>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Sie erstellen einen Intervall wie folgt:</p></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
Wechseln Sie in das Intervall-Verzeichnis: <em>cd /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals</em>.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
Erstellen Sie einen neuen Intervall mit dem Befehl
|
|
|
|
|
"echo <em>wert</em> > <em>Intervall-Name</em>"
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ol></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="_sources">3.3. Sources</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Mit Sourcen meint man bei <em>ccollect</em> die Quelldaten. Der Wert einer <em>source</em>-Datei
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
verweist auf einen Pfad in dem sich die zu sichernden Daten befinden.</p></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">Im Ordner <em>/etc/ccollect/sources/*</em> wird festgelegt:</div><ul>
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
Der Sicherungs-Titel
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
Quell- und Ziel-Verzeichnis
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
Spezielle Einstellungen
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="_sicherungs_titel">3.3.1. Sicherungs-Titel</h4>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Der Sicherungstitel ist der Name eines Ordners in /etc/ccollect/sources.</p></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Man erstellt also ein neue neue Sicherung mit dem Befehl
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
"mkdir <em>/etc/ccollect/sources/'Sicherungs-Titel</em>".
|
|
|
|
|
In diesem Verzeichnis folgen dann die spezifischen Konfigurationsdaten
|
|
|
|
|
(nur!) für diese Sicherung.</p></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="_quelle">3.4. Quelle</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Mit Quelle ist gemeint welche Daten gesichert werden.
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
Dies wird in der Konfigurationsdatei <em>source</em> festgelegt.</p></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Diese liegt im Verzeichnis "/etc/ccollect/sources/<em>Sicherungs-Titel</em>".
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
Wechseln Sie in das Verzeichnis mit dem Sicherungs-Titel und erstellen Sie die
|
|
|
|
|
Datei mit "echo <em>Quellpfad</em> > source".</p></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="_exclude">3.4.1. Exclude</h4>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Es kann vorkommen das man in einem Verzeichniss alles sichern will
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
bis auf ein paar Unterordner.
|
|
|
|
|
Für dieses Vorhaben gibt es die Datei <em>exclude</em>, die sich wiederum
|
|
|
|
|
im Verzeichnis <em>Sicherungs-Titel</em> befindet.</p></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Die Datei wird mit folgenden Schritten angelegt:</p></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
"echo 'Quellpfad/verzeichnis1 > exclude"
|
|
|
|
|
Ein Pfad wird weggelassen.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
"echo <em>Quellpfad/verzeichnis2 >> exclude"
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
Ein weiterer Pfad der weggelassen wird. Das zweite '></em> bewirkt,
|
|
|
|
|
das an die <em>exclude</em>-Datei angefügt wird (das einfache <em>></em>
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
ueberschreibt eine vorhandene Datei).
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ol></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="_ziel">3.5. Ziel</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Mit dem Ziel ist gemeint wohin die Sicherung gespeichert wird.
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
Dies geschieht mit einer Verknüpfung (Link), die <em>destination</em> heisst.</p></div>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">Erstellen Sie diese mit den Befehlen</div><ul>
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
"ln -s <em>/Pfad/zum/Speicherort/</em> destination"
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
|
Mit dem Befehl "ls -l destination" kann man die Richtigkeit der
|
|
|
|
|
Verknüpfung überprüfen.
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
|
|
|
<table><tr>
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="title">Important</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="content">
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
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<div class="paragraph"><p>Es
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darf
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immer
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nur
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eine
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<em>source</em>,
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<em>destination</em>,
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und
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<em>exclude</em>
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Datei
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vorhanden
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sein.</p></div>
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</td>
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</tr></table>
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</div>
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<h3 id="_spezielles">3.6. Spezielles</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
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<div class="paragraph"><p>Im Ordner "/etc/ccollect/sources/<em>Sicherung</em>" kann man weitere Daten einfügen
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und damit Optionen ein- oder auszuschalten.</p></div>
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<div class="dlist"><dl>
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<dt class="hdlist1">
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<em>verbose</em>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Beim Sicherungsvorgang ausführlich berichten (<em>-v</em> für <em>rsync</em>).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt class="hdlist1">
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<em>very_verbose</em>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Beim Sicherungsvorgang sehr ausführlich berichten
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(<em>-v</em> für <em>rsync</em>, <em>mkdir</em>, <em>cp</em> und <em>rm</em>).
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</p>
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</dd>
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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<dt class="hdlist1">
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<em>summary</em>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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<em>ccollect</em> erstellt beim Beenden des Sicherungsvorganges eine
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Zusammenfassung des Geschehenen.
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</p>
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</dd>
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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<dt class="hdlist1">
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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<em>rsync_option</em>
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</dt>
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<dd>
|
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<p>
|
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Alle Befehle in dieser Datei zu <em>rsync</em> werden ausgeführt beim Sicherungsvorgang.
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</p>
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</dd>
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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<dt class="hdlist1">
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<em>pre_exec</em>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Die Befehle im Inhalt dieser Datei werden vor dem Backup ausgeführt.
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</p>
|
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</dd>
|
2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
|
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<dt class="hdlist1">
|
2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
|
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<em>post_exec</em>
|
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</dt>
|
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<dd>
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<p>
|
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Die Befehle im Inhalt dieser Datei werden nach dem Backup ausgeführt.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl></div>
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</div>
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<div id="footer">
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<div id="footer-text">
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Version 0.1<br />
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2009-07-01 20:44:36 +00:00
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Last updated 2009-07-01 09:53:57 CEST
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2009-05-26 21:45:19 +00:00
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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