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cdist manpages update: 4.4.2
2017-03-08 18:39:55 +00:00
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">11. Manifest</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#initial-and-type-manifests">11.2. Initial and type manifests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#define-state-in-the-initial-manifest">11.3. Define state in the initial manifest</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#splitting-up-the-initial-manifest">11.4. Splitting up the initial manifest</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="manifest">
<h1>11. Manifest<a class="headerlink" href="#manifest" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="description">
<h2>11.1. Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Manifests are used to define which objects to create.
Objects are instances of <strong>types</strong>, like in object oriented programming languages.
An object is represented by the combination of
<strong>type + slash + object name</strong>: <strong>__file/etc/cdist-configured</strong> is an
object of the type <strong>__file</strong> with the name <strong>etc/cdist-configured</strong>.</p>
<p>All available types can be found in the <strong>cdist/conf/type/</strong> directory,
use <strong>ls cdist/conf/type</strong> to get the list of available types. If you have
setup the MANPATH correctly, you can use <strong>man cdist-reference</strong> to access
the reference with pointers to the manpages.</p>
<p>Types in manifests are used like normal command line tools. Let's have a look
at an example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Create object of type __package with the parameter state = absent</span>
<span class="n">__package</span> <span class="n">apache2</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="n">absent</span>
<span class="c1"># Same with the __directory type</span>
<span class="n">__directory</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cdist</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="n">present</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>These two lines create objects, which will later be used to realise the
configuration on the target host.</p>
<p>Manifests are executed locally as a shell script using <strong>/bin/sh -e</strong>.
The resulting objects are stored in an internal database.</p>
<p>The same object can be redefined in multiple different manifests as long as
the parameters are exactly the same.</p>
<p>In general, manifests are used to define which types are used depending
on given conditions.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="initial-and-type-manifests">
<h2>11.2. Initial and type manifests<a class="headerlink" href="#initial-and-type-manifests" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Cdist knows about two types of manifests: The initial manifest and type
manifests. The initial manifest is used to define, which configurations
to apply to which hosts. The type manifests are used to create objects
from types. More about manifests in types can be found in <a class="reference external" href="cdist-type.html">cdist type</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="define-state-in-the-initial-manifest">
<h2>11.3. Define state in the initial manifest<a class="headerlink" href="#define-state-in-the-initial-manifest" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The <strong>initial manifest</strong> is the entry point for cdist to find out, which
<strong>objects</strong> to configure on the selected host.
Cdist expects the initial manifest at <strong>cdist/conf/manifest/init</strong>.</p>
<p>Within this initial manifest you define, which objects should be
created on which host. To distinguish between hosts, you can use the
environment variable <strong>__target_host</strong> and/or <strong>__target_hostname</strong> and/or
<strong>__target_fqdn</strong>. Let's have a look at a simple example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">__cdistmarker</span>
<span class="n">case</span> <span class="s2">&quot;$__target_host&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span>
<span class="n">localhost</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">__directory</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">home</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">services</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">kvm</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">vm</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">parents</span> <span class="n">yes</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="n">esac</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This manifest says: Independent of the host, always use the type
<strong>__cdistmarker</strong>, which creates the file <strong>/etc/cdist-configured</strong>,
with the timestamp as content.
The directory <strong>/home/services/kvm-vm</strong>, including all parent directories,
is only created on the host <strong>localhost</strong>.</p>
<p>As you can see, there is no magic involved, the manifest is simple shell code that
utilises cdist types. Every available type can be executed like a normal
command.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="splitting-up-the-initial-manifest">
<h2>11.4. Splitting up the initial manifest<a class="headerlink" href="#splitting-up-the-initial-manifest" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you want to split up your initial manifest, you can create other shell
scripts in <strong>cdist/conf/manifest/</strong> and include them in <strong>cdist/conf/manifest/init</strong>.
Cdist provides the environment variable <strong>__manifest</strong> to reference
the directory containing the initial manifest (see <a class="reference external" href="cdist-reference.html">cdist reference</a>).</p>
<p>The following example would include every file with a <strong>.sh</strong> suffix:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Include *.sh
for manifest in $__manifest/*.sh; do
# And source scripts into our shell environment
. &quot;$manifest&quot;
done
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dependencies">
<h2>11.5. Dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#dependencies" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you want to describe that something requires something else, just
setup the variable &quot;require&quot; to contain the requirements. Multiple
requirements can be added white space separated.</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># No dependency</span>
<span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">__file</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cdist</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">configured</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1"># Require above object</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="n">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;__file/etc/cdist-configured&quot;</span> <span class="n">__link</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cdist</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">testfile</span> \
<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">source</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cdist</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">configured</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">type</span> <span class="n">symbolic</span>
<span class="mi">7</span>
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="c1"># Require two objects</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="n">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;__file/etc/cdist-configured __link/tmp/cdist-testfile&quot;</span> \
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="n">__file</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">cdist</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">another</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">testfile</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Above the &quot;require&quot; variable is only set for the command that is
immediately following it. Dependencies should always be declared that way.</p>
<p>On line 4 you can see that the instantion of a type &quot;__link&quot; object needs
the object &quot;__file/etc/cdist-configured&quot; to be present, before it can proceed.</p>
<p>This also means that the &quot;__link&quot; command must make sure, that either
&quot;__file/etc/cdist-configured&quot; already is present, or, if it's not, it needs
to be created. The task of cdist is to make sure, that the dependency will be
resolved appropriately and thus &quot;__file/etc/cdist-configured&quot; be created
if necessary before &quot;__link&quot; proceeds (or to abort execution with an error).</p>
<p>If you really need to make all types depend on a common dependency, you can
export the &quot;require&quot; variable as well. But then, if you need to add extra
dependencies to a specific type, you have to make sure that you append these
to the globally already defined one.</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># First of all, update the package index</span>
<span class="n">__package_update_index</span>
<span class="c1"># Upgrade all the installed packages afterwards</span>
<span class="n">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;__package_update_index&quot;</span> <span class="n">__package_upgrade_all</span>
<span class="c1"># Create a common dependency for all the next types so that they get to</span>
<span class="c1"># be executed only after the package upgrade has finished</span>
<span class="n">export</span> <span class="n">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;__package_upgrade_all&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># Ensure that lighttpd is installed after we have upgraded all the packages</span>
<span class="n">__package</span> <span class="n">lighttpd</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="n">present</span>
<span class="c1"># Ensure that munin is installed after lighttpd is present and after all</span>
<span class="c1"># the packages are upgraded</span>
<span class="n">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;$require __package/lighttpd&quot;</span> <span class="n">__package</span> <span class="n">munin</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">state</span> <span class="n">present</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>All objects that are created in a type manifest are automatically required
from the type that is calling them. This is called &quot;autorequirement&quot; in
cdist jargon.</p>
<p>You can find an more in depth description of the flow execution of manifests
in <a class="reference external" href="cdist-stages.html">cdist execution stages</a> and of how types work in <a class="reference external" href="cdist-type.html">cdist type</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="create-dependencies-from-execution-order">
<h2>11.6. Create dependencies from execution order<a class="headerlink" href="#create-dependencies-from-execution-order" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>You can tell cdist to execute all types in the order in which they are created
in the manifest by setting up the variable CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY.
When cdist sees that this variable is setup, the current created object
automatically depends on the previously created object.</p>
<p>It essentially helps you to build up blocks of code that build upon each other
(like first creating the directory xyz than the file below the directory).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="overrides">
<h2>11.7. Overrides<a class="headerlink" href="#overrides" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>In some special cases, you would like to create an already defined object
with different parameters. In normal situations this leads to an error in cdist.
If you wish, you can setup the environment variable CDIST_OVERRIDE
(any value or even empty is ok) to tell cdist, that this object override is
wanted and should be accepted.
ATTENTION: Only use this feature if you are 100% sure in which order
cdist encounters the affected objects, otherwise this results
in an undefined situation.</p>
<p>If CDIST_OVERRIDE and CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY are set for an object,
CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY will be ignored, because adding a dependency in case of
overrides would result in circular dependencies, which is an error.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2>11.8. Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The initial manifest may for instance contain the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Always create this file, so other sysadmins know cdist is used.</span>
__file /etc/cdist-configured
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$__target_host</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> in
my.server.name<span class="o">)</span>
__directory /root/bin/
__file /etc/issue.net --source <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$__manifest</span><span class="s2">/issue.net</span>
<span class="s2"> ;;</span>
<span class="s2">esac</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The manifest of the type &quot;nologin&quot; may look like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>__file /etc/nologin --source <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$__type</span><span class="s2">/files/default.nologin&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This example makes use of dependencies:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Ensure that lighttpd is installed</span>
__package lighttpd --state present
<span class="c1"># Ensure that munin makes use of lighttpd instead of the default webserver</span>
<span class="c1"># package as decided by the package manager</span>
<span class="nv">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;__package/lighttpd&quot;</span> __package munin --state present
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>How to override objects:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># for example in the initial manifest</span>
<span class="c1"># create user account foobar with some hash for password</span>
__user foobar --password <span class="s1">&#39;some_fancy_hash&#39;</span> --home /home/foobarexample
<span class="c1"># ... many statements and includes in the manifest later ...</span>
<span class="c1"># somewhere in a conditionally sourced manifest</span>
<span class="c1"># (e.g. for example only sourced if a special application is on the target host)</span>
<span class="c1"># this leads to an error ...</span>
__user foobar --password <span class="s1">&#39;some_other_hash&#39;</span>
<span class="c1"># this tells cdist, that you know that this is an override and should be accepted</span>
<span class="nv">CDIST_OVERRIDE</span><span class="o">=</span>yes __user foobar --password <span class="s1">&#39;some_other_hash&#39;</span>
<span class="c1"># it&#39;s only an override, means the parameter --home is not touched</span>
<span class="c1"># and stays at the original value of /home/foobarexample</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Dependencies defined by execution order work as following:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Tells cdist to execute all types in the order in which they are created ...</span>
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY</span><span class="o">=</span>on
__sample_type <span class="m">1</span>
<span class="nv">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;__some_type_somewhere/id&quot;</span> __sample_type <span class="m">2</span>
__example_type <span class="m">23</span>
<span class="c1"># Now this types are executed in the creation order until the variable is unset</span>
<span class="nb">unset</span> CDIST_ORDER_DEPENDENCY
<span class="c1"># all now following types cdist makes the order ..</span>
__not_in_order_type <span class="m">42</span>
<span class="c1"># how it works :</span>
<span class="c1"># this lines above are translated to:</span>
__sample_type <span class="m">1</span>
<span class="nv">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;__some_type_somewhere/id __sample_type/1&quot;</span> __sample_type <span class="m">2</span>
<span class="nv">require</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;__sample_type/2&quot;</span> __example_type <span class="m">23</span>
__not_in_order_type <span class="m">42</span>
</pre></div>
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