572 lines
17 KiB
HTML
572 lines
17 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
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<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 7.0.2" />
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div.exampleblock > div.content {
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dl {
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td.hlist2 {
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@media print {
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div#footer-badges { display: none; }
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}
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/* Workarounds for IE6's broken and incomplete CSS2. */
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div.sidebar-content {
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background: #ffffee;
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border: 1px solid silver;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.sidebar-title, div.image-title {
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-weight: bold;
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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div.listingblock div.content {
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border: 1px solid silver;
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background: #f4f4f4;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.quoteblock-content {
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padding-left: 2.0em;
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}
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div.exampleblock-content {
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border-left: 2px solid silver;
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padding-left: 0.5em;
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}
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</style>
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<title>ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="header">
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<h1>ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using</h1>
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<span id="author">Nico Schottelius</span><br />
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<span id="email"><tt><<a href="mailto:nico-linux-ccollect__@__schottelius.org">nico-linux-ccollect__@__schottelius.org</a>></tt></span><br />
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<span id="revision">version 0.2,</span>
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2005-01-13
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</div>
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<div id="preamble">
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<p>(pseudo) incremental backup
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with different exclude lists
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using hardlinks and <tt>rsync</tt></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2>1. Introduction</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<p>ccollect is a backup utitily written in the sh-scripting language.
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It does not depend on a specific shell, only <tt>/bin/sh</tt> needs to be
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bourne shell compatibel (like <em>dash</em>, <em>zsh</em> or <em>bash</em>).</p>
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<h3>1.1. Why you can only backup TO localhost</h3>
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<p>While thinking about the design of ccollect, I thought about enabling
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backup to <strong>remote</strong> hosts. Though this sounds like a nice feature
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(<em>Backup my notebook to the server now.</em>), it is in my opinion a
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bad idea to backup to a remote host, because you have to open
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security at your backup host. Think of the following situation: You backup
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your farm of webservers <strong>to</strong> a backup host somewhere else. One of
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your webservers gets compromised, then your backup server will be compromised,
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too. Think of it the other way round: The backup server (now behind a
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firewall using NAT and strong firewall rules) connects to the
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webservers and pulls the data to it. If someone gets access to the
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webserver, the person will perhaps not even see your machine. If
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he/she sees that there are connections from a host to the compromised
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machine, he/she will not be able to login to the backup machine.
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All other backups are still secure.</p>
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</div>
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<h2>2. Requirements</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<h3>2.1. Installing ccollect</h3>
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<p>For the installation, you need at least
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- either <em>cp</em> and <em>chmod</em> or <em>install
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- for more comfort: 'make</em>
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- for rebuilding the generated documentation: additionally <em>asciidoc</em></p>
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<h3>2.2. Using ccollect</h3>
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<div class="title">When running ccollect, it requires the following tools installed:</div><ul>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>bc</tt>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>cp</tt> with support for hard links (<em>cp -al</em>)
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>rsync</tt>
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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<tt>ssh</tt> (if you want to use rsync over ssh, which is recommened for security)
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<h2>3. Installing</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<p>Either type <em>make install</em> or simply copy it to a directory in your
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$PATH and execute <em>chmod <strong>0755</strong> /path/to/ccollect.sh</em>.</p>
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</div>
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<h2>4. Configuring</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<h3>4.1. Runtime options</h3>
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<p><tt>ccollect</tt> looks for its configuration in <em>/etc/ccollect</em> or, if set, in
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the directory specified by the variable <em>$CCOLLECT_CONF</em>
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(use <em>CCOLLECT_CONF=/your/config/dir ccollect.sh</em> on the shell).</p>
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<p>When you start <tt>ccollect</tt>, you have either to specify which intervall
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to backup (daily, weekly, yearly; you can specify the names yourself, see below).</p>
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<p>The intervall is used to specify how many backups to keep.</p>
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<p>There are also some self explaining parameters you can pass to ccollect, simply use
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"ccollect.sh —help" for info.</p>
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<h3>4.2. General configuration</h3>
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<p>The general configuration can be found below $CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults or
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/etc/ccollect/defaults. All options specified here are generally valid for
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all source definitions. Though the values can be overwritten in the source
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configuration.</p>
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<p>All configuration entries are plain-text (use UTF-8 if you use
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non ASCII characters) files.</p>
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<h4>4.2.1. Intervall definition</h4>
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<p>The intervall definition can be found below
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<em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/intervalls/</em> or <em>/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervalls</em>.
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Every file below this directory specifies an intervall. The name of the file is the
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name of the intervall: <tt>intervalls/<em><intervall name></em></tt>.</p>
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<p>The content of this file should be a single line containing a number.
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This number defines how many versions of this intervall to keep.</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content">
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<pre><tt> [10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/defaults/intervalls/
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insgesamt 12
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 10:24 daily
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 11:36 monthly
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-08 11:36 weekly
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[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/defaults/intervalls/*
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28
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12
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4</tt></pre>
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</div></div>
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<p>This means to keep 28 daily backups, 12 monthly backups and 4 weekly.</p>
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<h3>4.3. Source configuration</h3>
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<p>Each source configuration exists below <em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/sources/$name</em> or
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<em>/etc/ccollect/sources/$name</em>.</p>
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<p>The name you choose for the subdirectory describes the source.</p>
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|
<p>Each source has at least the following files:</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
<tt>source</tt> (a text file containing the rsync compatible path to backup)
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
<tt>destination</tt> (a link to the directory we should backup to)
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>Additionally a source may have the following files:</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
<tt>verbose</tt> whether to be verbose (passes -v to rsync)
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
<tt>exclude</tt> exclude list for rsync. One exclude specification on each line.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
`rsync_options' extra options to pass to rsync
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt> [10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2
|
||
|
|
insgesamt 12
|
||
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 destination -> /home/nico/backupdir
|
||
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 62 2005-12-07 17:43 exclude
|
||
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 nico users 4096 2005-12-07 17:38 intervalls
|
||
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 15 2005-11-17 16:44 source
|
||
|
|
[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
|
||
|
|
openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
|
||
|
|
nicht_reinnehmen
|
||
|
|
etwas mit leerzeichenli
|
||
|
|
[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervalls
|
||
|
|
insgesamt 4
|
||
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
|
||
|
|
[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervalls/daily
|
||
|
|
5
|
||
|
|
[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/source
|
||
|
|
/home/nico/vpn</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
<h4>4.3.1. Detailled description of "source"</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p><tt>source</tt> describes a rsync compatible source (one line only).</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>For instance <em>backup_user@foreign_host:/home/server/video</em>.
|
||
|
|
To use the rsync protocol without the ssh-tunnel, use
|
||
|
|
<em>rsync::USER@HOST/SRC</em>. For more information have a look at rsync(1).</p>
|
||
|
|
<h4>4.3.2. Detailled description of "verbose"</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p><tt>verbose</tt> tells <tt>ccollect</tt> that the log should contain verbose messages.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>If this file exists in the source specification <strong>-v</strong> will be passed to <tt>rsync</tt>.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt> [11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% touch conf/sources/testsource1/verbose</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
<h4>4.3.3. Detailled description of "exclude"</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p><tt>exclude</tt> specifies a list of paths to exclude. The entries are new line (\n)
|
||
|
|
seperated.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt> [11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
|
||
|
|
openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
|
||
|
|
nicht_reinnehmen
|
||
|
|
etwas mit leerzeichenli
|
||
|
|
something with spaces is not a problem</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
<h4>4.3.4. Detailled description of "destination"</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p><tt>destination</tt> must be a link to the destination directory.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt> [11:36] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/destination
|
||
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 conf/sources/testsource2/destination -> /home/nico/backupdir</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
<h4>4.3.5. Detailled description of "intervalls/"</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p>When you create a subdirectory <tt>intervalls/</tt> within your source configuration
|
||
|
|
directory, you can specify individiual intervalls for this specific source.
|
||
|
|
Each file below this directory describes an intervall.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt> [11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervalls/
|
||
|
|
insgesamt 8
|
||
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
|
||
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-14 11:33 yearly
|
||
|
|
[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervalls/*
|
||
|
|
5
|
||
|
|
20</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
<h4>4.3.6. Detailled description of "rsync_options"</h4>
|
||
|
|
<p>When you create the file "rsync_options" below your source configuration,
|
||
|
|
all the parameters found in this file will be passed to rsync. This
|
||
|
|
way you may specify a rsync-passwordfile for automatic backup over
|
||
|
|
the rsync-protocoll.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt> [23:42] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/test_rsync/rsync_options
|
||
|
|
--password-file=/home/user/backup/protected_password_file</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<h2>5. Examples</h2>
|
||
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
||
|
|
<h3>5.1. A backup host configuration from scratch</h3>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt>srwali01:~# mkdir /etc/ccollect
|
||
|
|
srwali01:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervalls/
|
||
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 28 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervalls/taeglich
|
||
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 52 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervalls/woechentlich
|
||
|
|
srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# mkdir sources
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# cd sources/
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# ls
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir local-root
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd local-root/
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# echo / > source
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# cat > exclude << EOF
|
||
|
|
> /proc
|
||
|
|
> /sys
|
||
|
|
> /mnt
|
||
|
|
> EOF
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/local-root destination
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/local-root
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ccollect.sh taeglich local-root
|
||
|
|
/o> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using intervall taeglich
|
||
|
|
/=> Beginning to backup "local-root" ...
|
||
|
|
|-> 0 backup(s) already exist, keeping 28 backup(s).</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
<p>After that, I added some more sources:</p>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt>srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/sources
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-wl6
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd windos-wl6/
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# echo /mnt/win/SYS/WL6 > source
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/wl6 destination
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/wl6
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# cd ..
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-daten
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# echo /mnt/win/Daten > source
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten destination
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Now add some remote source
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# cd ..
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir srwali03
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd srwali03/
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# cat > exclude << EOF
|
||
|
|
> /proc
|
||
|
|
> /sys
|
||
|
|
> /mnt
|
||
|
|
> /home
|
||
|
|
> EOF
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# echo 'root@10.103.2.3:/' > source
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03 destination
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
<h3>5.2. Using hard-links requires less disk space</h3>
|
||
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
||
|
|
<div class="content">
|
||
|
|
<pre><tt>[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir
|
||
|
|
4.6M /home/nico/backupdir
|
||
|
|
[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir/*
|
||
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:52.28456
|
||
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28484
|
||
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28507
|
||
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28531
|
||
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28554
|
||
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28577
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
||
|
|
186M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
||
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/*
|
||
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:42.312
|
||
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:45.588</tt></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div></div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
||
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
||
|
|
Version 0.2<br />
|
||
|
|
Last updated 13-Jan-2006 23:47:12 CEST
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|