2213 lines
79 KiB
HTML
2213 lines
79 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
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<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.9" />
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<title>ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using</title>
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<style type="text/css">
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/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
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/* Default font. */
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body {
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font-family: Georgia,serif;
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}
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/* Title font. */
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h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
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div.title, caption.title,
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thead, p.table.header,
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#toctitle,
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#author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
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#footer {
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font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
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}
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body {
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margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
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}
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a {
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color: blue;
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text-decoration: underline;
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}
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a:visited {
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color: fuchsia;
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}
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em {
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font-style: italic;
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color: navy;
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}
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strong {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #083194;
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}
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h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
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color: #527bbd;
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margin-top: 1.2em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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line-height: 1.3;
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}
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h1, h2, h3 {
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border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
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}
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h2 {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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}
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h3 {
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float: left;
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}
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h3 + * {
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clear: left;
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}
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h5 {
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font-size: 1.0em;
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}
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div.sectionbody {
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margin-left: 0;
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}
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hr {
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border: 1px solid silver;
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}
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p {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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ul, ol, li > p {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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ul > li { color: #aaa; }
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ul > li > * { color: black; }
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.monospaced, code, pre {
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font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
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font-size: inherit;
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color: navy;
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padding: 0;
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margin: 0;
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}
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pre {
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white-space: pre-wrap;
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}
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#author {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-weight: bold;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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}
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#email {
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}
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#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
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}
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#footer {
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font-size: small;
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border-top: 2px solid silver;
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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margin-top: 4.0em;
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}
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#footer-text {
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float: left;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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#footer-badges {
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float: right;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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#preamble {
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margin-top: 1.5em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
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div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
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div.admonitionblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.admonitionblock {
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margin-top: 2.0em;
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margin-bottom: 2.0em;
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margin-right: 10%;
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color: #606060;
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}
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div.content { /* Block element content. */
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padding: 0;
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}
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/* Block element titles. */
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div.title, caption.title {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-align: left;
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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}
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div.title + * {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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td div.title:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.content div.title:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.content + div.title {
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margin-top: 0.0em;
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}
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div.sidebarblock > div.content {
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background: #ffffee;
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border: 1px solid #dddddd;
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border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.listingblock > div.content {
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border: 1px solid #dddddd;
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border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
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background: #f8f8f8;
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padding: 0.5em;
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}
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div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
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padding-left: 1.0em;
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margin-left: 1.0em;
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margin-right: 10%;
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border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
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color: #888;
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}
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div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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text-align: right;
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}
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div.verseblock > pre.content {
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font-family: inherit;
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font-size: inherit;
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}
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div.verseblock > div.attribution {
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padding-top: 0.75em;
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text-align: left;
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}
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/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
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div.verseblock + div.attribution {
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text-align: left;
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}
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div.admonitionblock .icon {
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vertical-align: top;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-decoration: underline;
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color: #527bbd;
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padding-right: 0.5em;
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}
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div.admonitionblock td.content {
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padding-left: 0.5em;
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border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
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}
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div.exampleblock > div.content {
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border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
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padding-left: 0.5em;
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}
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div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
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span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
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a.image:visited { color: white; }
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dl {
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margin-top: 0.8em;
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margin-bottom: 0.8em;
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}
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dt {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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font-style: normal;
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color: navy;
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}
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dd > *:first-child {
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margin-top: 0.1em;
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}
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ul, ol {
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list-style-position: outside;
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}
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ol.arabic {
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list-style-type: decimal;
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}
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ol.loweralpha {
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list-style-type: lower-alpha;
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}
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ol.upperalpha {
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list-style-type: upper-alpha;
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}
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ol.lowerroman {
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list-style-type: lower-roman;
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}
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ol.upperroman {
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list-style-type: upper-roman;
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}
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div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
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div.compact p, div.compact p,
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div.compact div, div.compact div {
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margin-top: 0.1em;
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margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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}
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tfoot {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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td > div.verse {
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white-space: pre;
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}
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div.hdlist {
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margin-top: 0.8em;
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margin-bottom: 0.8em;
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}
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div.hdlist tr {
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padding-bottom: 15px;
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}
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dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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td.hdlist1 {
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vertical-align: top;
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font-style: normal;
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padding-right: 0.8em;
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color: navy;
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}
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td.hdlist2 {
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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div.hdlist.compact tr {
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margin: 0;
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padding-bottom: 0;
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}
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.comment {
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background: yellow;
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}
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.footnote, .footnoteref {
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font-size: 0.8em;
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}
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span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
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vertical-align: super;
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}
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#footnotes {
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margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
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padding: 7px 0 0 0;
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}
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#footnotes div.footnote {
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margin: 0 0 5px 0;
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}
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#footnotes hr {
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border: none;
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border-top: 1px solid silver;
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height: 1px;
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text-align: left;
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margin-left: 0;
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width: 20%;
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min-width: 100px;
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}
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div.colist td {
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padding-right: 0.5em;
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padding-bottom: 0.3em;
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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div.colist td img {
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margin-top: 0.3em;
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}
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@media print {
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#footer-badges { display: none; }
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}
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#toc {
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margin-bottom: 2.5em;
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}
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#toctitle {
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color: #527bbd;
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font-size: 1.1em;
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font-weight: bold;
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 0.1em;
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}
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div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
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margin-top: 0;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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}
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div.toclevel2 {
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margin-left: 2em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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div.toclevel3 {
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margin-left: 4em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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div.toclevel4 {
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margin-left: 6em;
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font-size: 0.9em;
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}
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span.aqua { color: aqua; }
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span.black { color: black; }
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span.blue { color: blue; }
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span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
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span.gray { color: gray; }
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span.green { color: green; }
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span.lime { color: lime; }
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span.maroon { color: maroon; }
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span.navy { color: navy; }
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span.olive { color: olive; }
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span.purple { color: purple; }
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span.red { color: red; }
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span.silver { color: silver; }
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span.teal { color: teal; }
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span.white { color: white; }
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span.yellow { color: yellow; }
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span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
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span.black-background { background: black; }
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span.blue-background { background: blue; }
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span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
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span.gray-background { background: gray; }
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span.green-background { background: green; }
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span.lime-background { background: lime; }
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span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
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span.navy-background { background: navy; }
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span.olive-background { background: olive; }
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span.purple-background { background: purple; }
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span.red-background { background: red; }
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span.silver-background { background: silver; }
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span.teal-background { background: teal; }
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span.white-background { background: white; }
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span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
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span.big { font-size: 2em; }
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span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
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span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
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span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
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span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
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div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
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/*
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* xhtml11 specific
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*
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* */
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div.tableblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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div.tableblock > table {
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border: 3px solid #527bbd;
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}
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thead, p.table.header {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #527bbd;
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}
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p.table {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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/* Because the table frame attribute is overriden by CSS in most browsers. */
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div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
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border-style: none;
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}
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div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
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border-left-style: none;
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border-right-style: none;
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}
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div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
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border-top-style: none;
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border-bottom-style: none;
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}
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/*
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* html5 specific
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*
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* */
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table.tableblock {
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margin-top: 1.0em;
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margin-bottom: 1.5em;
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}
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thead, p.tableblock.header {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #527bbd;
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}
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p.tableblock {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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table.tableblock {
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border-width: 3px;
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border-spacing: 0px;
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border-style: solid;
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border-color: #527bbd;
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border-collapse: collapse;
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}
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th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
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border-width: 1px;
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padding: 4px;
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border-style: solid;
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border-color: #527bbd;
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}
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table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
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border-left-style: hidden;
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border-right-style: hidden;
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}
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table.tableblock.frame-sides {
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border-top-style: hidden;
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border-bottom-style: hidden;
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}
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table.tableblock.frame-none {
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border-style: hidden;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
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text-align: left;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
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text-align: center;
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}
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th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
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text-align: right;
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}
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th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
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vertical-align: top;
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}
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th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
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vertical-align: middle;
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}
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th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
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vertical-align: bottom;
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}
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/*
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* manpage specific
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*
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* */
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body.manpage h1 {
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padding-top: 0.5em;
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padding-bottom: 0.5em;
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border-top: 2px solid silver;
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border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
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}
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body.manpage h2 {
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border-style: none;
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}
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body.manpage div.sectionbody {
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margin-left: 3em;
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}
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@media print {
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body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
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}
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|
|
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</style>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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/*<+'])');
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// Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
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// nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
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// browsers).
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var iterate = function (el) {
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for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
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if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
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var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
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if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
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result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
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}
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iterate(i);
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}
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}
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}
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iterate(el);
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return result;
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}
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|
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var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
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if (!toc) {
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return;
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}
|
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|
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// Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
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|
var tocEntriesToRemove = [];
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var i;
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for (i = 0; i < toc.childNodes.length; i++) {
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var entry = toc.childNodes[i];
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if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
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&& entry.getAttribute("class")
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&& entry.getAttribute("class").match(/^toclevel/))
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tocEntriesToRemove.push(entry);
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}
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for (i = 0; i < tocEntriesToRemove.length; i++) {
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toc.removeChild(tocEntriesToRemove[i]);
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}
|
|
|
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// Rebuild TOC entries.
|
|
var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
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|
for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
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var entry = entries[i];
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if (entry.element.id == "")
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entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
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var a = document.createElement("a");
|
|
a.href = "#" + entry.element.id;
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|
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|
|
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|
|
</script>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="article">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using</h1>
|
|
<span id="author">Nico Schottelius</span><br />
|
|
<span id="email"><code><<a href="mailto:nico-ccollect__@__schottelius.org">nico-ccollect__@__schottelius.org</a>></code></span><br />
|
|
<span id="revnumber">version 2.2,</span>
|
|
<span id="revdate">for ccollect 2.2, Initial Version from 2006-01-13</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div id="preamble">
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>(pseudo) incremental backup
|
|
with different exclude lists
|
|
using hardlinks and <code>rsync</code></p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_introduction">1. Introduction</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>ccollect</code> is a backup utility written in the sh-scripting language.
|
|
It does not depend on a specific shell, only <code>/bin/sh</code> needs to be
|
|
bourne shell compatible (like <em>dash</em>, <em>ksh</em>, <em>zsh</em>, <em>bash</em>, …).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_supported_and_tested_operating_systems_and_architectures">1.1. Supported and tested operating systems and architectures</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>ccollect</code> was successfully tested on the following platforms:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
FreeBSD on amd64/i386
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU/Linux on amd64/arm/hppa/i386/ppc
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Mac OS X 10.5
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
NetBSD on alpha/amd64/i386/sparc/sparc64
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
OpenBSD on amd64
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>It <strong>should</strong> run on any Unix that supports <code>rsync</code> and has a POSIX-compatible
|
|
bourne shell. If your platform is not listed above and you have it successfully
|
|
running, please drop me a mail.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_why_you_could_only_backup_from_remote_hosts_not_to_them">1.2. Why you COULD only backup from remote hosts, not to them</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>While considering the design of ccollect, I thought about enabling
|
|
backup to <strong>remote</strong> hosts. Though this sounds like a nice feature
|
|
(<em>"Backup my notebook to the server now."</em>), in my opinion it is a
|
|
bad idea to backup to a remote host.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>But as more and more people requested this feature, it was implemented,
|
|
so you have the choice whether you want to use it or not.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_reason">1.2.1. Reason</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to backup <strong>TO</strong> a remote host, you have to loosen security on it.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Imagine the following situation: You backup your farm of webservers <strong>TO</strong>
|
|
a backup host somewhere else.
|
|
Now one of your webservers which has access to your backup host gets
|
|
compromised.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Your backup server will be compromised, too.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>And the attacker will have access to all data on the other webservers.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_doing_it_securely">1.2.2. Doing it securely</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Think of it the other way round: The backup server (now behind a
|
|
firewall, not accessable from outside) connects to the
|
|
webservers and pulls the data <strong>from</strong> them. If someone gets access to one
|
|
of the webservers, this person will perhaps not even see your machine. If
|
|
the attacker sees connections from a host to the compromised
|
|
machine, she will not be able to log in on the backup machine.
|
|
All other backups are still secure.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_incompatibilities_and_changes">1.3. Incompatibilities and changes</h3>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_versions_0_9_and_1_0">1.3.1. Versions 0.9 and 1.0</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Added "Error: " prefix in _exit_err()
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_versions_0_8_and_0_9">1.3.2. Versions 0.8 and 0.9</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Renamed script to ccollect (.sh is not needed)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Removed feature to backup to a host via ccollect, added new tool
|
|
(FIXME: insert name here) that takes care of this via tunnel
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Perhaps creating subdirectory of source name (idea from Stefan Schlörholz)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_versions_0_7_and_0_8">1.3.3. Versions 0.7 and 0.8</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">The argument order changed:</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Old: "<interval name> [args] <sources to backup>"
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
New: "[args] <interval name> <sources to backup>"
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you did not use arguments (most people do not), nothing will
|
|
change for you.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">Deletion of incomplete backups using the <em>delete_incomplete</em> option</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Old: Only incomplete backups from the current interval have been removed
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
New: All incomplete backups are deleted
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">Support for standard values</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Old: no support
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
New: Options in $CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults are used as defaults (see below)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_versions_0_6_and_0_7">1.3.4. Versions 0.6 and 0.7</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">The format of <code>destination</code> changed:</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Before 0.7 it was a (link to a) directory
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
As of 0.7 it is a textfile containing the destination
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can update your configuration using <code>tools/config-pre-0.7-to-0.7.sh</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">Added <em>remote_host</em></div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
As of 0.7 it is possible to backup <strong>to</strong> hosts (see section remote_host below).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_versions_0_5_and_0_6">1.3.5. Versions 0.5 and 0.6</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">The format of <code>rsync_options</code> changed:</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Before 0.6 it was whitespace delimeted
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
As of 0.6 it is newline seperated (so you can pass whitespaces to <code>rsync</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can update your configuration using <code>tools/config-pre-0.6-to-0.6.sh</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">The name of the backup directories changed:</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Before 0.6: "date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M"
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
As of 0.6: "date +%Y%m%d-%H%M" (better readable, date is closer together)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For the second change there is no updated needed, as XXXX- is always before
|
|
XXXXX (- comes before digit).</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_versions_0_4_and_0_5">1.3.6. Versions 0.4 and 0.5</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Not a real incompatibilty, but seems to fit in this section:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">0.5 does <strong>NOT</strong> require</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
PaX
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
bc
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>anymore!</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_versions_lt_0_4_and_0_4">1.3.7. Versions < 0.4 and 0.4</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Since <code>ccollect</code> 0.4 there are several incompatibilities with earlier
|
|
versions:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">List of incompatibilities</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>pax</code> (Posix) is now required, <code>cp -al</code> (GNU specific) is removed
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
"interval" was written with two <em>l</em> (ell), which is wrong in English
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Changed the name of backup directories, removed the colon in the interval
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
ccollect will now exit when preexec returns non-zero
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
ccollect now reports when postexec returns non-zero
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can convert your old configuration directory using
|
|
<code>config-pre-0.4-to-0.4.sh</code>, which can be found in the <strong>tools/</strong>
|
|
subdirectory:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>[10:05] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.4# ./tools/config-pre-0.4-to-0.4.sh /etc/ccollect</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_quick_start">2. Quick start</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For those who do not want to read the whole long document:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code># get latest ccollect tarball from http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/ccollect/
|
|
# replace value for CCV with the current version
|
|
export CCV=0.8.1
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# replace 'wget' with 'fetch' on bsd
|
|
#
|
|
holen=wget
|
|
"$holen" http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/ccollect/ccollect-${CCV}.tar.bz2
|
|
|
|
# extract the tarball, change to the newly created directory
|
|
tar -xvjf ccollect-${CCV}.tar.bz2
|
|
cd ccollect-${CCV}
|
|
|
|
# create mini-configuration
|
|
# first create directory structure
|
|
mkdir -p miniconfig/defaults/intervals
|
|
mkdir miniconfig/sources
|
|
|
|
# create sample intervals
|
|
echo 2 > miniconfig/defaults/intervals/testinterval
|
|
echo 3 > miniconfig/defaults/intervals/testinterval2
|
|
|
|
# create destination directory, where the backups will be kept
|
|
mkdir ~/DASI
|
|
|
|
# create sample source, which will be saved
|
|
mkdir miniconfig/sources/testsource
|
|
|
|
# We will save '/bin' to the directory '~/DASI'
|
|
echo '/bin' > miniconfig/sources/testsource/source
|
|
|
|
# configure ccollect to use ~/DASI as destination
|
|
echo ~/DASI > miniconfig/sources/testsource/destination
|
|
|
|
# We want to see what happens and also a small summary at the end
|
|
touch miniconfig/sources/testsource/verbose
|
|
touch miniconfig/sources/testsource/summary
|
|
|
|
echo "do the backup, twice"
|
|
CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
|
|
CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
|
|
|
|
echo "the third time ccollect begins to remove old backups"
|
|
echo -n "Hit enter to see it"
|
|
read
|
|
CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
|
|
|
|
echo "Now we add another interval, ccollect should clone from existent ones"
|
|
echo -n "Hit enter to see it"
|
|
read
|
|
CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval2 testsource
|
|
|
|
echo "Let's see how much space we used with two backups and compare it to /bin"
|
|
du -s ~/DASI /bin
|
|
|
|
# report success
|
|
echo "Please report success using ./tools/report_success.sh"</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Cutting and pasting the complete section above to your shell will result in
|
|
the download of ccollect, the creation of a sample configuration and the
|
|
execution of some backups.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_requirements">3. Requirements</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_installing_ccollect">3.1. Installing ccollect</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For the installation you need at least</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
the latest ccollect package (<a href="http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/ccollect/">http://www.nico.schottelius.org/software/ccollect/</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
either <code>cp</code> and <code>chmod</code> or <code>install</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
for more comfort: <code>make</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
for rebuilding the generated documentation: additionally <code>asciidoc</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_using_ccollect">3.2. Using ccollect</h3>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><div class="title">Running ccollect requires the following tools to be installed:</div><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>date</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>rsync</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>ssh</code> (if you want to use rsync over ssh, which is recommened for security)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_installing">4. Installing</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Either type <em>make install</em> or simply copy it to a directory in your
|
|
$PATH and execute <em>chmod <strong>0755</strong> /path/to/ccollect.sh</em>. If you like
|
|
to use the new management scripts (available since 0.6), copy the
|
|
following scripts to a directory in $PATH:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>tools/ccollect_add_source.sh</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>tools/ccollect_analyse_logs.sh.sh</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>tools/ccollect_delete_source.sh</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>tools/ccollect_list_intervals.sh</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>tools/ccollect_logwrapper.sh</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>After having installed and used ccollect, report success using
|
|
<em>./tools/report_success.sh</em>.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_configuring">5. Configuring</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For configuration aid have a look at the above mentioned tools, which can assist
|
|
you quite well. When you are successfully using <code>ccollect</code>, I would be happy if
|
|
you add a link to your website, stating "I backup with ccollect", which points
|
|
to the ccollect homepage. So more people now about ccollect, use it and
|
|
improve it. You can also report success using <code>tools/report_success.sh</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_runtime_options">5.1. Runtime options</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>ccollect</code> looks for its configuration in <em>/etc/ccollect</em> or, if set, in
|
|
the directory specified by the variable <em>$CCOLLECT_CONF</em>:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code># sh-compatible (dash, zsh, mksh, ksh, bash, ...)
|
|
$ CCOLLECT_CONF=/your/config/dir ccollect.sh ...
|
|
|
|
# csh
|
|
$ ( setenv CCOLLECT_CONF /your/config/dir ; ccollect.sh ... )</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When you start <code>ccollect</code>, you have to specify in which interval
|
|
to backup (daily, weekly, yearly; you can specify the names yourself, see below)
|
|
and which sources to backup (or -a to backup all sources).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The interval specifies how many backups are kept.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are also some self-explanatory parameters you can pass to ccollect,
|
|
simply use <code>ccollect.sh --help</code> for info.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_general_configuration">5.2. General configuration</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The general configuration can be found in $CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults or
|
|
/etc/ccollect/defaults. All options specified there are generally valid for
|
|
all source definitions, although the values can be overwritten in the source
|
|
configuration.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>All configuration entries are plain-text files
|
|
(use UTF-8 for non-ascii characters).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_interval_definition">5.2.1. Interval definition</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The interval definition can be found in
|
|
<em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/intervals/</em> or <em>/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals</em>.
|
|
Each file in this directory specifies an interval. The name of the file is
|
|
the same as the name of the interval: <code>intervals/'<interval name>'</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The content of this file should be a single line containing a number.
|
|
This number defines how many versions of this interval are kept.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/defaults/intervals/
|
|
insgesamt 12
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 10:24 daily
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 11:36 monthly
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-08 11:36 weekly
|
|
[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/defaults/intervals/*
|
|
28
|
|
12
|
|
4</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This means to keep 28 daily backups, 12 monthly backups and 4 weekly.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_general_pre_and_post_execution">5.2.2. General pre- and post-execution</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add <em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/<code>pre_exec</code></em> or
|
|
<em>/etc/ccollect/defaults/<code>pre_exec</code></em> (same with <code>post_exec</code>), <code>ccollect</code>
|
|
will start <code>pre_exec</code> before the whole backup process and
|
|
<code>post_exec</code> after backup of all sources is done.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>pre_exec</code> exits with a non-zero return code, the whole backup
|
|
process will be aborted.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>pre_exec</code> and <code>post_exec</code> script can access the following exported variables:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>INTERVAL</em>: the interval selected (<code>daily</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>no_sources</em>: number of sources to backup (<code>2</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>source_$no</em>: name of the source, <em>$no</em> starts at 0 (<code>$source_0</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following example describes how to report free disk space in
|
|
human readable format before and after the whole backup process:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>[13:00] hydrogenium:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/
|
|
[13:00] hydrogenium:~# echo '#!/bin/sh' > /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
|
|
[13:01] hydrogenium:~# echo '' >> /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
|
|
[13:01] hydrogenium:~# echo 'df -h' >> /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
|
|
[13:01] hydrogenium:~# chmod 0755 /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
|
|
[13:01] hydrogenium:~# ln -s /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec /etc/ccollect/defaults/post_exec</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_source_configuration">5.3. Source configuration</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Each source configuration exists in <em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/sources/$name</em> or
|
|
<em>/etc/ccollect/sources/$name</em>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The name you choose for the subdirectory describes the source.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Each source contains at least the following files:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>source</code> (a text file containing the <code>rsync</code> compatible path to backup)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>destination</code> (a text file containing the directory we should backup to)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally a source may have the following files:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>pre_exec</code> program to execute before backing up <strong>this</strong> source
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>post_exec</code> program to execute after backing up <strong>this</strong> source
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>verbose</code> whether to be verbose (passes -v to <code>rsync</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>very_verbose</code> be very verbose (<code>mkdir -v</code>, <code>rm -v</code> and <code>rsync -vv</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>summary</code> create a transfer summary when <code>rsync</code> finished
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>exclude</code> exclude list for <code>rsync</code>. newline seperated list.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>rsync_options</code> extra options for <code>rsync</code>. newline seperated list.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>delete_incomplete</code> delete incomplete backups
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>remote_host</code> host to backup to
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>rsync_failure_codes</code> list of rsync exit codes that indicate complete failure
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>mtime</code> Sort backup directories based on their modification time
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>quiet_if_down</code> Suppress error messages if source is not connectable
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2
|
|
insgesamt 12
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 destination
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 62 2005-12-07 17:43 exclude
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 nico users 4096 2005-12-07 17:38 intervals
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 15 2005-11-17 16:44 source
|
|
[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
|
|
openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
|
|
nicht_reinnehmen
|
|
etwas mit leerzeichenli
|
|
[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervals
|
|
insgesamt 4
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
|
|
[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/daily
|
|
5
|
|
[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/source
|
|
/home/nico/vpn</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_default_options">5.3.1. Default options</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add <em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/<code>option_name</code></em>, the value will
|
|
be used in abscence of the option in a source. If you want to prevent
|
|
the default value to be used in a source, you can create the file
|
|
<em>$CCOLLECT_CONF/sources/$name/<code>no_option_name</code></em> (i.e. prefix it with
|
|
<em>no_</em>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [9:04] ikn2:ccollect% touch conf/defaults/verbose
|
|
[9:04] ikn2:ccollect% touch conf/sources/local/no_verbose</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This enables the verbose option for all sources, but disables it for the
|
|
source <em>local</em>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If an option is specified in the defaults folder and in the source,
|
|
the source specific version overrides the default one:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [9:05] ikn2:ccollect% echo "backup-host" > conf/defaults/remote_host
|
|
[9:05] ikn2:ccollect% echo "different-host" > conf/sources/local/remote_host</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can use all source options as defaults, with the exception of</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>source</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>destination</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>pre_exec</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>post_exec</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_source">5.3.2. Detailed description of "source"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>source</code> describes a <code>rsync</code> compatible source (one line only).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance <em>backup_user@foreign_host:/home/server/video</em>.
|
|
To use the <code>rsync</code> protocol without the <code>ssh</code>-tunnel, use
|
|
<em>rsync::USER@HOST/SRC</em>. For more information have a look at the manpage
|
|
of <code>rsync</code>(1).</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_destination">5.3.3. Detailed description of "destination"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>destination</code> must be a text file containing the destination directory.
|
|
<code>destination</code> <strong>USED</strong> to be a link to the destination directory in
|
|
earlier versions, so do not be confused if you see such examples.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [11:36] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/destination
|
|
/home/nico/backupdir</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_remote_host">5.3.4. Detailed description of "remote_host"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>remote_host</code> must be a text file containing the destination host.
|
|
If this file is existing, you are backing up your data <strong>TO</strong> this host
|
|
and <strong>not</strong> to you local host.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Warning</strong>: You need to have <code>ssh</code> access to the remote host. <code>rsync</code> and
|
|
<code>ccollect</code> will connect to that host via <code>ssh</code>. <code>ccollect</code> needs the shell
|
|
access, because it needs to find out how many backups exist on the remote
|
|
host and to be able to delete them.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [10:17] denkbrett:ccollect-0.7.0% cat conf/sources/remote1/remote_host
|
|
home.schottelius.org</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>It may contain all the ssh-specific values like <em>myuser@yourhost.ch</em>.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_verbose">5.3.5. Detailed description of "verbose"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>verbose</code> tells <code>ccollect</code> that the log should contain verbose messages.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If this file exists in the source specification <strong>-v</strong> will be passed to <code>rsync</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% touch conf/sources/testsource1/verbose</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_very_verbose">5.3.6. Detailed description of "very_verbose"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>very_verbose</code> tells <code>ccollect</code> that it should log very verbosely.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If this file exists in the source specification <strong>-v</strong> will be passed to
|
|
<code>rsync</code>, <code>rm</code> and <code>mkdir</code>.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [23:67] nohost:~% touch conf/sources/testsource1/very_verbose</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_summary">5.3.7. Detailed description of "summary"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you create the file <code>summary</code> in the source definition,
|
|
<code>ccollect</code> will present you a nice summary at the end.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>backup:~# touch /etc/ccollect/sources/root/summary
|
|
backup:~# ccollect.sh werktags root
|
|
==> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using interval werktags <==
|
|
[root] Beginning to backup this source ...
|
|
[root] Currently 3 backup(s) exist, total keeping 50 backup(s).
|
|
[root] Beginning to backup, this may take some time...
|
|
[root] Hard linking...
|
|
[root] Transferring files...
|
|
[root]
|
|
[root] Number of files: 84183
|
|
[root] Number of files transferred: 32
|
|
[root] Total file size: 26234080536 bytes
|
|
[root] Total transferred file size: 9988252 bytes
|
|
[root] Literal data: 9988252 bytes
|
|
[root] Matched data: 0 bytes
|
|
[root] File list size: 3016771
|
|
[root] File list generation time: 1.786 seconds
|
|
[root] File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds
|
|
[root] Total bytes sent: 13009119
|
|
[root] Total bytes received: 2152
|
|
[root]
|
|
[root] sent 13009119 bytes received 2152 bytes 2891393.56 bytes/sec
|
|
[root] total size is 26234080536 speedup is 2016.26
|
|
[root] Successfully finished backup.
|
|
==> Finished ccollect.sh <==</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>You could also combine it with <code>verbose</code> or <code>very_verbose</code>, but these
|
|
already print some statistics (though not all / the same as presented by
|
|
<code>summary</code>).</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_exclude">5.3.8. Detailed description of "exclude"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>exclude</code> specifies a list of paths to exclude. The entries are seperated by a newline (\n).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
|
|
openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
|
|
nicht_reinnehmen
|
|
etwas mit leerzeichenli
|
|
something with spaces is not a problem</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_intervals">5.3.9. Detailed description of "intervals/"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When you create the subdirectory <code>intervals/</code> in your source configuration
|
|
directory, you can specify individiual intervals for this specific source.
|
|
Each file in this directory describes an interval.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/
|
|
insgesamt 8
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-14 11:33 yearly
|
|
[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/*
|
|
5
|
|
20</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailled_description_of_rsync_options">5.3.10. Detailled description of "rsync_options"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When you create the file <code>rsync_options</code> in your source configuration,
|
|
all the parameters in this file will be passed to rsync. This
|
|
way you can pass additional options to rsync. For instance you can tell rsync
|
|
to show progress ("--progress"), or which -password-file ("--password-file")
|
|
to use for automatic backup over the rsync-protocol.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> [23:42] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/test_rsync/rsync_options
|
|
--password-file=/home/user/backup/protected_password_file</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailled_description_of_pre_exec_and_post_exec">5.3.11. Detailled description of "pre_exec" and "post_exec"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When you create <code>pre_exec</code> and / or <code>post_exec</code> in your source
|
|
configuration, <code>ccollect</code> will execute this command before and
|
|
respectively after doing the backup for <strong>this specific</strong> source.
|
|
If you want to have pre-/post-exec before and after <strong>all</strong>
|
|
backups, see above for general configuration.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>pre_exec</code> exits with a non-zero return code, the backup
|
|
process of <code>this source</code> will be aborted (i.e. backup skipped).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>post_exec</code> script can access the following exported variables from
|
|
ccollect:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>name</em>: name of the source that is being backed up
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>destination_name</em>: contains the base directory name (<code>daily.20091031-1013.24496</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>destination_dir</em>: full path (<code>/tmp/ccollect/daily.20091031-1013.24496</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>destination_full</em>: like <em>destination_dir</em>, but prepended with the remote_host, if set (<code>host:/tmp/ccollect/daily.20091031-1013.24496</code> or <code>/tmp/ccollect/daily.20091031-1013.24496</code>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>[13:09] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.3% cat conf/sources/with_exec/pre_exec
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
|
|
# Show whats free before
|
|
df -h
|
|
[13:09] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.3% cat conf/sources/with_exec/post_exec
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
|
|
# Show whats free after
|
|
df -h</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_delete_incomplete">5.3.12. Detailed description of "delete_incomplete"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you create the file <code>delete_incomplete</code> in a source specification directory,
|
|
<code>ccollect</code> will look for incomplete backups (when the whole <code>ccollect</code> process
|
|
was interrupted) and remove them. Without this file <code>ccollect</code> will only warn
|
|
the user.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_rsync_failure_codes">5.3.13. Detailed description of "rsync_failure_codes"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you have the file <code>rsync_failure_codes</code> in your source configuration
|
|
directory, it should contain a newline-separated list of numbers representing
|
|
rsync exit codes. If rsync exits with any code in this list, a marker will
|
|
be left in the destination directory indicating failure of this backup. If
|
|
you have enabled delete_incomplete, then this backup will be deleted during
|
|
the next ccollect run on the same interval.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_mtime">5.3.14. Detailed description of "mtime"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, ccollect.sh chooses the most recent backup directory for cloning or
|
|
the oldest for deletion based on the directory’s last change time (ctime).
|
|
With this option, the sorting is done based on modification time (mtime). With
|
|
this version of ccollect, the ctime and mtime of your backups will normally
|
|
be the same and this option has no effect. However, if you, for example, move
|
|
your backups to another hard disk using cp -a or rsync -a, you should use this
|
|
option because the ctimes are not preserved during such operations.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you have any backups in your repository made with ccollect version 0.7.1 or
|
|
earlier, do not use this option.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_detailed_description_of_quiet_if_down">5.3.15. Detailed description of "quiet_if_down"</h4>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, ccollect.sh emits a series of error messages if a source is not
|
|
connectable. With this option enabled, ccollect still reports that the
|
|
source is not connectable but the associated error messages generated by
|
|
rsync or ssh are suppressed. You may want to use this option for sources,
|
|
like notebook PCs, that are often disconnected.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_hints">6. Hints</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_smart_logging">6.1. Smart logging</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Since ccollect-0.6.1 you can use the ccollect-logwrapper.sh(1) for logging.
|
|
You call it the same way you call ccollect.sh and it will create a
|
|
logfile containing the output of ccollect.sh. For more information look
|
|
at the manpage <em>ccollect-logwrapper</em>. The following is an example running
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>u0219 ~ # ~chdscni9/ccollect-logwrapper.sh daily u0160.nshq.ch.netstream.com
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh (11722): Starting with arguments: daily u0160.nshq.ch.netstream.com
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh (11722): Finished.</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_using_a_different_ssh_port">6.2. Using a different ssh port</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Mostly easy is to use your ~/.ssh/config file:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>host mx2.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 2342</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you only use that port for backup only and normally want to use another port,
|
|
you can add <em>HostName</em> and "HostKeyAlias" (if you also have different
|
|
keys on the different ports):</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>Host hhydrogenium
|
|
Hostname bruehe.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 666
|
|
HostKeyAlias hydrogenium
|
|
|
|
Host bruehe
|
|
Hostname bruehe.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 22
|
|
HostKeyAlias bruehe.schottelius.org</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_using_source_names_or_interval_in_pre__post_exec_scripts">6.3. Using source names or interval in pre_/post_exec scripts</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The pre-/post_exec scripts can access some internal variables from <code>ccollect</code>:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>INTERVAL</em>: The interval specified on the command line
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>no_sources</em>: number of sources
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>source_$NUM</em>: the name of the source
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>name</em>: the name of the currently being backuped source (not available for
|
|
generic pre_exec script)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Only available for <code>post_exec</code>:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>remote_host</em>: name of host we backup to (empty if unused)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_using_rsync_protocol_without_ssh">6.4. Using rsync protocol without ssh</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When you have a computer with little computing power, it may be useful to use
|
|
rsync without ssh, directly using the rsync protocol
|
|
(specify <em>user@host::share</em> in <code>source</code>). You may wish to use
|
|
<code>rsync_options</code> to specify a password file to use for automatic backup.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/source
|
|
backup@webserver::backup-share
|
|
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_options
|
|
--password-file=/etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
|
|
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
|
|
this_is_the_rsync_password</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_not_excluding_top_level_directories">6.5. Not excluding top-level directories</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When you exclude "/proc" or "/mnt" from your backup, you may run into
|
|
trouble when you restore your backup. When you use "/proc/*" or "/mnt/\*"
|
|
instead, <code>ccollect</code> will backup empty directories.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
<table><tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When those directories contain hidden files
|
|
(those beginning with a dot (<strong>.</strong>)),
|
|
they will still be transferred!</p></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This hint was reported by Marcus Wagner.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_re_using_already_created_rsync_backups">6.6. Re-using already created rsync-backups</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you used <code>rsync</code> directly before you use <code>ccollect</code>, you can
|
|
use this old backup as initial backup for <code>ccollect</code>: You
|
|
simply move it into a directory below the destination directory
|
|
and name it "<em>interval</em>.0".</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
|
|
bin dev etc initrd lost+found mnt root srv usr vmlinuz
|
|
boot doc home lib media opt sbin tmp var vmlinuz.old
|
|
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# mkdir daily.0
|
|
|
|
# ignore error about copying to itself
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# mv * daily.0 2>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
|
|
daily.0</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Now you can use /home/backup/web1 as the <code>destination</code> for the backup.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
<table><tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>It does not matter anymore how you name your directory, as <code>ccollect</code> uses
|
|
the -c option from <code>ls</code> to find out which directory to clone from.</p></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
<table><tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Older versions (pre 0.6, iirc) had a problem, if you named the first backup
|
|
something like "daily.initial". It was needed to use the "<strong>0</strong>" (or some
|
|
number that is lower than the current year) as extension. <code>ccollect</code>
|
|
used <code>sort</code> to find the latest backup. <code>ccollect</code> itself uses
|
|
<em>interval.YEARMONTHDAY-HOURMINUTE.PID</em>. This notation was <strong>always</strong> before
|
|
"daily.initial", as numbers are earlier in the list
|
|
which is produced by <code>sort</code>. So, if you had a directory named "daily.initial",
|
|
<code>ccollect</code> always diffed against this backup and transfered and deleted
|
|
files which where deleted in previous backups. This means you simply
|
|
wasted resources, but your backup had beer complete anyway.</p></div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_using_pre__post_exec">6.7. Using pre_/post_exec</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Your pre_/post_exec script does not need to be a script, you can also
|
|
use a link to</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
an existing program
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
an already written script
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The only requirement is that it is executable.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_using_source_specific_interval_definitions">6.8. Using source specific interval definitions</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When you are backing up multiple hosts via cron each night, it may be
|
|
a problem that host "big_server" may only have 4 daily backups, because
|
|
otherwise its backup device will be full. But for all other hosts
|
|
you want to keep 20 daily backups. In this case you would create
|
|
<code>/etc/ccollect/default/intervals/daily</code> containing "20" and
|
|
<code>/etc/ccollect/sources/big_server/intervals/daily</code> containing "4".</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Source specific intervals always overwrite the default values.
|
|
If you have to specify it individually for every host, because
|
|
of different requirements, you can even omit creating
|
|
<code>/etc/ccollect/default/intervals/daily</code>.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_comparing_backups">6.9. Comparing backups</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to see what changed between two backups, you can use
|
|
<code>rsync</code> directly:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>[12:00] u0255:ddba034.netstream.ch# rsync -n -a --delete --stats --progress daily.20080324-0313.17841/ daily.20080325-0313.31148/</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This results in a listing of changes. Because we pass -n to rsync no transfer
|
|
is made (i.e. report only mode).</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_testing_for_host_reachabilty">6.10. Testing for host reachabilty</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to test whether the host you try to backup is reachable, you can use
|
|
the following script as source specific pre-exec:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>#!/bin/sh
|
|
# ping -c1 -q `cat "/etc/ccollect/sources/$name/source" | cut -d"@" -f2 | cut -d":" -f1`</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This prevents the deletion of old backups, if the host is not reachable.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_easy_check_for_errors">6.11. Easy check for errors</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to see whether there have been any errors while doing the backup,
|
|
you can run <code>ccollect</code> together with <code>ccollect_analyse_logs.sh</code>:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>$ ccollect | ccollect_analyse_logs.sh e</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_f_a_q">7. F.A.Q.</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_what_happens_if_one_backup_is_broken_or_empty">7.1. What happens if one backup is broken or empty?</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Let us assume that one backup failed (connection broke or the source
|
|
hard disk had some failures). Therefore we’ve got one incomplete backup in our history.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>ccollect</code> will transfer the missing files the next time you use it.
|
|
This leads to</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
more transferred files
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
much greater disk space usage, as no hardlinks can be used
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the whole <code>ccollect</code> process was interrupted, <code>ccollect</code> (since 0.6) can
|
|
detect that and remove the incomplete backups, so you can clone from a complete
|
|
backup instead</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_when_backing_up_from_localhost_the_destination_is_also_included_is_this_a_bug">7.2. When backing up from localhost the destination is also included. Is this a bug?</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>No. <code>ccollect</code> passes your source definition directly to <code>rsync</code>. It
|
|
does not try to analyze it. So it actually does not know if a source
|
|
comes from local harddisk or from a remote server. And it does not want
|
|
to. When you backup from the local harddisk (which is perhaps not
|
|
even a good idea when thinking of security), add the <code>destination</code>
|
|
to <em>source/exclude</em>. (Daniel Aubry reported this problem)</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_why_does_ccollect_say_permission_denied_with_my_pre_postexec_script">7.3. Why does ccollect say "Permission denied" with my pre-/postexec script?</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The most common error is that you have not given your script the correct
|
|
permissions. Try <code>chmod 0755 /etc/ccollect/sources/'yoursource'/*_exec`</code>.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_why_does_the_backup_job_fail_when_part_of_the_source_is_a_link">7.4. Why does the backup job fail when part of the source is a link?</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>When a part of your path you specified in the source is a
|
|
(symbolic, hard links are not possible for directories) link,
|
|
the backup <strong>must</strong> fail.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>First of all, let us have a look at how it looks like:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>==> ccollect 0.4: Beginning backup using interval taeglich <==
|
|
[testsource] Sa Apr 29 00:01:55 CEST 2006 Beginning to backup
|
|
[testsource] Currently 0 backup(s) exist(s), total keeping 10 backup(s).
|
|
[testsource] Beginning to backup, this may take some time...
|
|
[testsource] Creating /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874 ...
|
|
[testsource] Sa Apr 29 00:01:55 CEST 2006 Transferring files...
|
|
[testsource] rsync: recv_generator: mkdir "/etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect" failed: No such file or directory (2)
|
|
[testsource] rsync: stat "/etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect" failed: No such file or directory (2)
|
|
[...]</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>So what is the problem? It is very obvious when you look deeper into it:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>% cat /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/source
|
|
/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect/ccollect-0.4
|
|
% ls -l /home/user/nico/projekte
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico nico 29 2005-12-02 23:28 /home/user/nico/projekte -> oeffentlich/computer/projekte
|
|
% ls -l /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico nico 29 2006-04-29 00:01 projekte -> oeffentlich/computer/projekte</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p><code>rsync</code> creates the directory structure before it creates the symbolic link.
|
|
This link now links to something not reachable (dead link). It is
|
|
impossible to create subdirectories under the broken link.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>In conclusion you cannot use paths with a linked part.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>However, you can backup directories containing symbolic links
|
|
(in this case you could backup /home/user/nico, which contains
|
|
/home/user/nico/projekte and oeffentlich/computer/projekte).</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_how_can_i_prevent_missing_the_right_time_to_enter_my_password">7.5. How can I prevent missing the right time to enter my password?</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>As <code>ccollect</code> first deletes the old backups, it may take some time
|
|
until <code>rsync</code> requests the password for the <code>ssh</code> session from you.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The easiest way not to miss that point is running <code>ccollect</code> in <code>screen</code>,
|
|
which has the ability to monitor the output for activity. So as soon as
|
|
your screen beeps, after <code>ccollect</code> began to remove the last directory,
|
|
you can enter your password (have a look at screen(1), especially "C-a M"
|
|
and "C-a _", for more information).</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_backup_fails_if_autofs_is_running_but_sources_not_reachable">7.6. Backup fails, if autofs is running, but sources not reachable</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you are trying to backup a system containing paths that are managed
|
|
by autofs, you may run into this error:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>2009-12-01-23:14:15: ccollect 0.8.1: Beginning backup using interval monatlich
|
|
[ikn] 2009-12-01-23:14:15: Beginning to backup
|
|
[ikn] 2009-12-01-23:14:15: Executing /home/users/nico/ethz/ccollect/sources/ikn/pre_exec ...
|
|
Enter LUKS passphrase:
|
|
[ikn] Command successful.
|
|
[ikn] key slot 0 unlocked.
|
|
[ikn] 2009-12-01-23:14:23: Finished /home/users/nico/ethz/ccollect/sources/ikn/pre_exec (return code 0). [ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/projects"
|
|
[ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/scratch"
|
|
[ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/sgscratch"
|
|
[ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/supp"
|
|
[ikn] directory has vanished: "/home/users/nico/privat/firmen/ethz/autofs/sysadmin"
|
|
[ikn] rsync warning: some files vanished before they could be transferred (code 24) at main.c(1057) [sender=3.0.6]
|
|
[ikn] 2009-12-01-23:44:23: Source / is not readable. Skipping.</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Thus, if you are unsure whether autofs paths can be mounted during backup,
|
|
stop autofs in pre_exec and reenable it in post_exec.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_examples">8. Examples</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_a_backup_host_configuration_from_scratch">8.1. A backup host configuration from scratch</h3>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>srwali01:~# mkdir /etc/ccollect
|
|
srwali01:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 28 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/taeglich
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 52 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/woechentlich
|
|
srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# mkdir sources
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# cd sources/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# ls
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir local-root
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd local-root/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# echo / > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# cat > exclude << EOF
|
|
> /proc
|
|
> /sys
|
|
> /mnt
|
|
> EOF
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# echo /mnt/hdbackup/local-root > destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/local-root
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ccollect.sh taeglich local-root
|
|
/o> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using interval taeglich
|
|
/=> Beginning to backup "local-root" ...
|
|
|-> 0 backup(s) already exist, keeping 28 backup(s).</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>After that, I added some more sources:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/sources
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-wl6
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd windos-wl6/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# echo /mnt/win/SYS/WL6 > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# echo /mnt/hdbackup/wl6 > destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/wl6
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# cd ..
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-daten
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# echo /mnt/win/Daten > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# echo /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten > destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten
|
|
|
|
# Now add some remote source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# cd ..
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir srwali03
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd srwali03/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# cat > exclude << EOF
|
|
> /proc
|
|
> /sys
|
|
> /mnt
|
|
> /home
|
|
> EOF
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# echo 'root@10.103.2.3:/' > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# echo /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03 > destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_using_hard_links_requires_less_disk_space">8.2. Using hard-links requires less disk space</h3>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code># du (coreutils) 5.2.1
|
|
[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir
|
|
4.6M /home/nico/backupdir
|
|
[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir/*
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:52.28456
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28484
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28507
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28531
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28554
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28577
|
|
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
|
186M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/*
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:42.312
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:45.588</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>The backup of our main fileserver:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>backup:~# df -h /home/backup/srsyg01/
|
|
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
|
/dev/mapper/backup--01-srsyg01
|
|
591G 451G 111G 81% /home/backup/srsyg01
|
|
backup:~# du -sh /home/backup/srsyg01/*
|
|
432G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-24-01:00.15990
|
|
432G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-26-01:00.30152
|
|
434G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-27-01:00.4596
|
|
435G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-28-01:00.11998
|
|
437G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-29-01:00.19115
|
|
437G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-30-01:00.26405
|
|
438G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-31-01:00.1148
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-01-01:00.8321
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-02-01:00.15383
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-03-01:00.22567
|
|
16K /home/backup/srsyg01/lost+found
|
|
backup:~# du --version | head -n1
|
|
du (coreutils) 5.2.1</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Newer versions of du also detect the hardlinks, so we can even compare
|
|
the sizes directly with du:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>[8:16] eiche:~# du --version | head -n 1
|
|
du (GNU coreutils) 5.93
|
|
[8:17] eiche:schwarzesloch# du -slh hydrogenium/*
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.0
|
|
18G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-17-00:27.13820
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-25-23:18.31328
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-26-00:11.3332
|
|
[8:22] eiche:schwarzesloch# du -sh hydrogenium/*
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.0
|
|
12G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-17-00:27.13820
|
|
1.5G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-25-23:18.31328
|
|
200M hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-26-00:11.3332</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>In the second report (without -l) the sizes include the space the inodes of
|
|
the hardlinks allocate.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_a_collection_of_backups_on_the_backup_server">8.3. A collection of backups on the backup server</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>All the data of my important hosts is backuped to eiche into
|
|
/mnt/schwarzesloch/backup:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>[9:24] eiche:backup# ls *
|
|
creme:
|
|
woechentlich.2006-01-26-22:22.4153 woechentlich.2006-02-12-11:48.2461
|
|
woechentlich.2006-01-26-22:23.4180 woechentlich.2006-02-18-23:00.7898
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-05-02:43.14281 woechentlich.2006-02-25-23:00.13480
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-00:24.15509 woechentlich.2006-03-04-23:00.25439
|
|
|
|
hydrogenium:
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-27-11:16.6391 durcheinander.2006-02-13-01:07.2895
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-30-19:29.9505 durcheinander.2006-02-17-08:20.6707
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-30-22:27.9623 durcheinander.2006-02-24-16:24.12461
|
|
durcheinander.2006-02-03-09:52.12885 durcheinander.2006-03-03-19:17.18075
|
|
durcheinander.2006-02-05-23:00.15068 durcheinander.2006-03-17-22:41.5007
|
|
|
|
scice:
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-04-10:32.13766 woechentlich.2006-02-16-23:00.6185
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-05-23:02.15093 woechentlich.2006-02-23-23:00.11783
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-08:22.15994 woechentlich.2006-03-02-23:00.17346
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-19:40.16321 woechentlich.2006-03-09-23:00.29317
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-12-11:51.2514 woechentlich.2006-03-16-23:00.4218</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>And this incremental backup and the archive are copied to an external
|
|
usb harddisk (attention: you <strong>should</strong> really use -H to backup the backup):</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code>[9:23] eiche:backup# df -h
|
|
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
|
rootfs 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /
|
|
/dev/root 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /
|
|
/dev/root 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /dev/.static/dev
|
|
tmpfs 10M 444K 9.6M 5% /dev
|
|
/dev/hdh 29G 3.7M 29G 1% /mnt/datenklo
|
|
tmpfs 110M 4.0K 110M 1% /dev/shm
|
|
/dev/mapper/nirvana 112G 90G 23G 81% /mnt/datennirvana
|
|
/dev/mapper/schwarzes-loch
|
|
230G 144G 86G 63% /mnt/schwarzesloch
|
|
/dev/mapper/archiv 38G 20G 19G 52% /mnt/archiv
|
|
/dev/mapper/usb-backup
|
|
280G 36M 280G 1% /mnt/usb/backup
|
|
[9:24] eiche:backup# cat ~/bin/sync-to-usb
|
|
DDIR=/mnt/usb/backup
|
|
|
|
rsync -av -H --delete /mnt/schwarzesloch/ "$DDIR/schwarzesloch/"
|
|
|
|
rsync -av -H --delete /mnt/archiv/ "$DDIR/archiv/"</code></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_processes_running_when_doing_ccollect_j">8.4. Processes running when doing ccollect -j</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph"><p>Truncated output from <code>ps axuwwwf</code>:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><code> S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily -j ddba034 ddba045 ddba046 ddba047 ddba049 ddna010 ddna011
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
|
R+ 11:40 23:40 | | | | | \_ rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded --link-dest=/home/server/backup/ddba034
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | | \_ ssh -l root ddba034.netstream.ch rsync --server --sender -vlogDtprR --numeric-ids . /
|
|
S+ 11:41 0:11 | | | | | \_ rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded --link-dest=/home/server/backup/ddb
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba034\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:02 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba045/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1807.6934
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba045\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:02 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba046/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1810.7072
|
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S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
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S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba046\] :
|
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S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
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S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
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R+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba047/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1816.7268
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba047\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
D+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba049/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1821.7504
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba049\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddna010/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1805.6849
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddna010\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
R+ 12:08 0:00 | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddna011/destination/daily.2006-10-20-1502.7824
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddna011\] :</code></pre>
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</div></div>
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<div class="paragraph"><p>As you can see, six processes are deleting old backups, while one backup
|
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(ddba034) is already copying data.</p></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
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<div id="footer">
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<div id="footer-text">
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Version 2.2<br />
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Last updated 2017-09-03 23:10:52 CEST
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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