115 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
115 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
[[!meta title="How to format and partition a SD-Card (USB-Stick) under Linux for the Canon CP800 printer"]]
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## Introduction
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From time to time I encounter devices that still require some old kind legacy
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partitioning scheme and filesystem: Namely MBR type partitioning and
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the VFAT filesystem.
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One of these devices is the Canon Selphy CP800 photo printer, which reads
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photos from various kinds of storage mediums, like USB sticks, SD cards
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or CF cards.
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Most of my usb sticks are formatted using ext3, jfs,
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btrfs, LUKS encrypted, or even contain RAID signatures.
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In case I need to transfer data to the printer, I often use pre-formatted
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SD cards, because the cards I simply format with ***mkfs.vfat*** are not
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recognised.
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## Motivation
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Not depending on those cards and being able to re-create correct format,
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everywhere and everytime, makes me more independent (and thus more happy).
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## Analysis
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Having a look at my new **128GB SDXC card** shows the following
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partitioning scheme.
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[14:31] kr:/# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
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Disk /dev/sdb: 132.0 GB, 132035641344 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16052 cylinders, total 257882112 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk identifier: 0x00000000
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 512000 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE
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/dev/sdb2 1026048 2050047 512000 83 Linux
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/dev/sdb3 2050048 257882078 127916015+ 83 Linux
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Although /dev/sdb1 is formatted with mkfs.vfat, it is not recognised
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by the printer. Comparing this with a working 4GB card reveals the
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following partitioning scheme:
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[14:31] kr:/# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
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Disk /dev/sdb: 3999 MB, 3999268864 bytes
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82 heads, 17 sectors/track, 5603 cylinders, total 7811072 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk identifier: 0x00000000
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/sdb1 8192 7811071 3901440 b W95 FAT32
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## Changing the first card
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Using the **fdisk** utility to change the partition ID to ***b***
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is sufficient to make the printer recognise the card:
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[14:31] kr:/# fdisk /dev/sdb
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Command (m for help): t
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Partition number (1-4): 1
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Hex code (type L to list codes): b
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Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)
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Command (m for help):
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Command (m for help): p
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Disk /dev/sdb: 132.0 GB, 132035641344 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 16052 cylinders, total 257882112 sectors
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Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disk identifier: 0x00000000
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
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/dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 512000 b W95 FAT32
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/dev/sdb2 1026048 2050047 512000 83 Linux
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/dev/sdb3 2050048 257882078 127916015+ 83 Linux
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Command (m for help):
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Command (m for help): w
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The partition table has been altered!
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## Summary
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Thus, if you encounter a card that is not readable, the following two
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commands should give you a working card on VFAT requiring devices:
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* Change partition ID to ***b***
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* ***fdisk <your-device>***, use commands ***t1bwq***
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* Ensure changes are written to disk and table is reread by kernel
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* You can either remove/add the card or use ***hdparm -z*** to trigger this
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* Create a VFAT filesystem
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* ***mkfs.vfat <your-device>***
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Some other hints:
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* Using a GPT partition table may make the card unusable on older devices
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* Not sure whether the device will seek through all partitions, sticking to the
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first partition may give you a higher chance of a working setup
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* Using **no partition** at all, putting the filesystem on the device directly
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also used to work on another printer
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[[!tag unix]]
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