727 lines
29 KiB
Text
727 lines
29 KiB
Text
ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using
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============================================
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Nico Schottelius <nico-linux-ccollect__@__schottelius.org>
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0.4.1, for ccollect 0.4-0.4.1, Initial Version from 2006-01-13
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:Author Initials: NS
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(pseudo) incremental backup
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with different exclude lists
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using hardlinks and `rsync`
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Introduction
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------------
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ccollect is a backup utility written in the sh-scripting language.
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It does not depend on a specific shell, only `/bin/sh` needs to be
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bourne shell compatible (like 'dash', 'ksh', 'zsh', 'bash', ...).
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Why you can only backup from remote hosts, not to them
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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While considering the design of ccollect, I thought about enabling
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backup to *remote* hosts. Though this sounds like a nice feature
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('Backup my notebook to the server now.'), in my opinion it is a
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bad idea to backup to a remote host.
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Reason
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^^^^^^
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If you want to backup *TO* a remote host, you have to loosen security on it.
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Imagine the following situation: You backup your farm of webservers *TO*
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a backup host somewhere else.
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Now one of your webservers which has access to your backup host gets
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compromised.
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Your backup server will be compromised, too.
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And the attacker will have access to all data on the other webservers.
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Doing it securely
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Think of it the other way round: The backup server (now behind a
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firewall using NAT and strong firewall rules) connects to the
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webservers and pulls the data *from* them. If someone gets access to one
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of the webservers, this person will perhaps not even see your machine. If
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the attacker does see connections from a host to the compromised
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machine, he/she will not be able to log in on the backup machine.
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All other backups are still secure.
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Incompatibilities
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Versions < 0.4 and 0.4
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Since `ccollect` 0.4 there are several incompatibilities with earlier
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versions:
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.List of incompatibilities
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- `pax` (Posix) is now required, `cp -al` (GNU specific) is removed
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- "interval" was written with two 'l' (ell), which is wrong in English
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- Changed the name of backup directories, removed the colon in the interval
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- ccollect will now exit when preexec returns non-zero
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- ccollect now reports when postexec returns non-zero
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You can convert your old configuration directory using
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`config-pre-0.4-to-0.4.sh`, which can be found in the *tools/*
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subdirectory:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:05] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.4# ./tools/config-pre-0.4-to-0.4.sh /etc/ccollect
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Requirements
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------------
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Installing ccollect
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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For the installation you need at least
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- the latest ccollect package (http://unix.schottelius.org/ccollect/)
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- either `cp` and `chmod` or `install`
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- for more comfort: `make`
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- for rebuilding the generated documentation: additionally `asciidoc`
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Using ccollect
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.Running ccollect requires the following tools to be installed:
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- `bc`
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- `pax` *NEW* (since ccollect 0.4, replaces previously used `cp -al`)
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- `date`
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- `rsync`
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- `ssh` (if you want to use rsync over ssh, which is recommened for security)
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Installing
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----------
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Either type 'make install' or simply copy it to a directory in your
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$PATH and execute 'chmod *0755* /path/to/ccollect.sh'.
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Configuring
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-----------
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Runtime options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`ccollect` looks for its configuration in '/etc/ccollect' or, if set, in
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the directory specified by the variable '$CCOLLECT_CONF'
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(set 'CCOLLECT_CONF=/your/config/dir ccollect.sh' on the shell).
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When you start `ccollect`, you have to specify in which interval
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to backup (daily, weekly, yearly; you can specify the names yourself, see below) and which sources to backup (or -a to backup all sources).
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The interval specifies how many backups are kept.
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There are also some self-explanatory parameters you can pass to ccollect, simply use
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`ccollect.sh --help` for info.
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General configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The general configuration can be found in $CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults or
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/etc/ccollect/defaults. All options specified there are generally valid for
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all source definitions, although the values can be overwritten in the source
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configuration.
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All configuration entries are plain-text files (use UTF-8 for non-ascii characters).
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Interval definition
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The interval definition can be found in
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'$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/intervals/' or '/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals'.
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Each file in this directory specifies an interval. The name of the file is the same as the name of the interval: `intervals/'<interval name>'`.
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The content of this file should be a single line containing a number.
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This number defines how many versions of this interval are kept.
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Example:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/defaults/intervals/
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insgesamt 12
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 10:24 daily
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 11:36 monthly
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-08 11:36 weekly
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[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/defaults/intervals/*
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28
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12
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4
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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This means to keep 28 daily backups, 12 monthly backups and 4 weekly.
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General pre- and post-execution
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you add '$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/`pre_exec`' or
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'/etc/ccollect/defaults/`pre_exec`' (same with `post_exec`), `ccollect`
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will start `pre_exec` before the whole backup process and
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`post_exec` after backup of all sources is done.
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The following example describes how to report free disk space in
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human readable format before and after the whole backup process:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[13:00] hydrogenium:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/
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[13:00] hydrogenium:~# echo '#!/bin/sh' > /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# echo '' >> /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# echo 'df -h' >> /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# chmod 0755 /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# ln -s /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec /etc/ccollect/defaults/post_exec
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Source configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Each source configuration exists in '$CCOLLECT_CONF/sources/$name' or
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'/etc/ccollect/sources/$name'.
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The name you choose for the subdirectory describes the source.
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Each source contains at least the following files:
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- `source` (a text file containing the `rsync` compatible path to backup)
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- `destination` (a link to the directory we should backup to)
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Additionally a source may have the following files:
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- `verbose` whether to be verbose (passes -v to `rsync`)
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- `very_verbose` be very verbose (-v also for `mkdir`, `pax`, `rm`)
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- `summary` create a transfer summary when `rsync` finished
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- `exclude` exclude list for `rsync`. newline ('\n') seperates list.
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- `rsync_options` extra options to pass to `rsync`
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- `pre_exec` program to execute before backing up *this* source
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- `post_exec` program to execute after backing up *this* source
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2
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insgesamt 12
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 destination -> /home/nico/backupdir
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 62 2005-12-07 17:43 exclude
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drwxr-xr-x 2 nico users 4096 2005-12-07 17:38 intervals
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 15 2005-11-17 16:44 source
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
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openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
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nicht_reinnehmen
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etwas mit leerzeichenli
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervals
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insgesamt 4
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
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[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/daily
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5
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[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/source
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/home/nico/vpn
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "source"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`source` describes a `rsync` compatible source (one line only).
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For instance 'backup_user@foreign_host:/home/server/video'.
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To use the `rsync` protocol without the `ssh`-tunnel, use
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'rsync::USER@HOST/SRC'. For more information have a look at the manpage
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of `rsync`(1).
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Detailed description of "verbose"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`verbose` tells `ccollect` that the log should contain verbose messages.
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If this file exists in the source specification *-v* will be passed to `rsync`.
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`
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% touch conf/sources/testsource1/verbose
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "very_verbose"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`very_verbose` tells `ccollect` that it should log very verbosely.
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If this file exists in the source specification *-v* will be passed to
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`rsync`, `pax`, `rm` and `mkdir`.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[23:67] nohost:~% touch conf/sources/testsource1/very_verbose
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "summary"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you create the file `summary` in the source definition,
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`ccollect` will present you a nice summary at the end.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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backup:~# touch /etc/ccollect/sources/root/summary
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backup:~# ccollect.sh werktags root
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==> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using interval werktags <==
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[root] Beginning to backup this source ...
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[root] Currently 3 backup(s) exist, total keeping 50 backup(s).
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[root] Beginning to backup, this may take some time...
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[root] Hard linking...
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[root] Transferring files...
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[root]
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[root] Number of files: 84183
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[root] Number of files transferred: 32
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[root] Total file size: 26234080536 bytes
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[root] Total transferred file size: 9988252 bytes
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[root] Literal data: 9988252 bytes
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[root] Matched data: 0 bytes
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[root] File list size: 3016771
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[root] File list generation time: 1.786 seconds
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[root] File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds
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[root] Total bytes sent: 13009119
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[root] Total bytes received: 2152
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[root]
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[root] sent 13009119 bytes received 2152 bytes 2891393.56 bytes/sec
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[root] total size is 26234080536 speedup is 2016.26
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[root] Successfully finished backup.
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==> Finished ccollect.sh <==
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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You could also combine it with `verbose` or `very_verbose`, but these
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already print some statistics (though not all / the same as presented by
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`summary`).
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Detailed description of "exclude"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`exclude` specifies a list of paths to exclude. The entries are seperated by a newline (\n).
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
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openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
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nicht_reinnehmen
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etwas mit leerzeichenli
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something with spaces is not a problem
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "destination"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`destination` must be a link to the destination directory.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:36] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/destination
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 conf/sources/testsource2/destination -> /home/nico/backupdir
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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To tell the truth, this is not fully correct. `ccollect` will also backup
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your data if `destination` is a directory. But do you really want to have
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a backup in /etc?
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Detailed description of "intervals/"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When you create the subdirectory `intervals/` in your source configuration
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directory, you can specify individiual intervals for this specific source.
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Each file in this directory describes an interval.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/
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insgesamt 8
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-14 11:33 yearly
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[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/*
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5
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20
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailled description of "rsync_options"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When you create the file `rsync_options` in your source configuration,
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all the parameters in this file will be passed to rsync. This
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way you can pass additional options to rsync. For instance you can tell rsync
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to show progress ("--progress"), or which -password-file ("--password-file")
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to use for automatic backup over the rsync-protocol.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[23:42] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/test_rsync/rsync_options
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--password-file=/home/user/backup/protected_password_file
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailled description of "pre_exec" and "post_exec"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When you create `pre_exec` and / or `post_exec` in your source
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configuration, `ccollect` will execute this command before and
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respectively after doing the backup for *this specific* source.
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If you want to have pre-/post-exec before and after *all*
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backups, see above for general configuration.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[13:09] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.3% cat conf/sources/with_exec/pre_exec
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#!/bin/sh
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# Show whats free before
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df -h
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[13:09] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.3% cat conf/sources/with_exec/post_exec
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#!/bin/sh
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# Show whats free after
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df -h
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Hints
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-----
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Using rsync protocol without ssh
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When you have a computer with little computing power, it may be useful to use
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rsync without ssh, directly using the rsync protocol
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(specify 'user@host::share' in `source`). You may wish to use
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`rsync_options` to specify a password file to use for automatic backup.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/source
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backup@webserver::backup-share
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backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_options
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--password-file=/etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
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backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
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this_is_the_rsync_password
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.
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Not excluding top-level directories
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When you exclude "/proc" or "/mnt" from your backup, you may run into
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trouble when you restore your backup. When you use "/proc/\*" or "/mnt/\*"
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instead, `ccollect` will backup empty directories.
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[NOTE]
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===========================================
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When those directories contain hidden files
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(those beginning with a dot (*.*)),
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they will still be transferred!
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===========================================
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This hint was reported by Marcus Wagner.
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Re-using already created rsync-backups
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you used `rsync` directly before you use `ccollect`, you can
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use this old backup as initial backup for `ccollect`: You
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simply move it into a subdirectory named "'interval'.0".
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Example:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
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bin dev etc initrd lost+found mnt root srv usr vmlinuz
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boot doc home lib media opt sbin tmp var vmlinuz.old
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backup:/home/backup/web1# mkdir daily.0
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# ignore error about copying to itself
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backup:/home/backup/web1# mv * daily.0 2>/dev/null
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backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
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daily.0
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Now you can use /home/backup/web1 as the `destination` for the backup.
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[NOTE]
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===============================================================================
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Do *not* name the first backup something like "daily.initial", but use
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the "*0*" (or some number that is lower than the current year)
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as extension. `ccollect` uses `sort` to find the latest backup. `ccollect`
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itself uses 'interval.YEAR-MONTH-DAY-HOURMINUTE.PID'. This notation will
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*always* be before "daily.initial", as numbers are earlier in the list
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which is produced by `sort`. So, if you have a directory named "daily.initial",
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`ccollect` will always diff against this backup and transfer and delete
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files which where deleted in previous backups. This means you simply
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waste resources, but your backup will be complete.
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===============================================================================
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Using pre_/post_exec
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Your pre_/post_exec script does not need to be a script, you can also
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use a link to
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- an existing program
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- an already written script
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The only requirement is that it is executable.
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F.A.Q.
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------
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What happens if one backup is broken or empty?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Let us assume that one backup failed (connection broke or the source
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hard disk had some failures). Therefore we've got one incomplete backup in our history.
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`ccollect` will transfer the missing files the next time you use it.
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This leads to
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- more transferred files
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- much greater disk space usage, as no hardlinks can be used
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When backing up from localhost the destination is also included. Is this a bug?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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No. `ccollect` passes your source definition directly to `rsync`. It
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does not try to analyze it. So it actually does not know if a source
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comes from local harddisk or from a remote server. And it does not want
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to. When you backup from the local harddisk (which is perhaps not
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even a good idea when thinking of security), add the `destination`
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to 'source/exclude'. (Daniel Aubry reported this problem)
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Why does ccollect say "Permission denied" with my pre-/postexec script?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The most common error is that you have not given your script the correct
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permissions. Try `chmod 0755 /etc/ccollect/sources/'yoursource'/*_exec``.
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Why does the backup job fail when part of the source is a link?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When a part of your path you specified in the source is a
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(symbolic, hard links are not possible for directories) link,
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the backup *must* fail.
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First of all, let us have a look at how it looks like:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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==> ccollect 0.4: Beginning backup using interval taeglich <==
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[testsource] Sa Apr 29 00:01:55 CEST 2006 Beginning to backup
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[testsource] Currently 0 backup(s) exist(s), total keeping 10 backup(s).
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[testsource] Beginning to backup, this may take some time...
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[testsource] Creating /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874 ...
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[testsource] Sa Apr 29 00:01:55 CEST 2006 Transferring files...
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[testsource] rsync: recv_generator: mkdir "/etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect" failed: No such file or directory (2)
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[testsource] rsync: stat "/etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect" failed: No such file or directory (2)
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[...]
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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So what is the problem? It is very obvious when you look deeper into it:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% cat /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/source
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/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect/ccollect-0.4
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% ls -l /home/user/nico/projekte
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico nico 29 2005-12-02 23:28 /home/user/nico/projekte -> oeffentlich/computer/projekte
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% ls -l /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico nico 29 2006-04-29 00:01 projekte -> oeffentlich/computer/projekte
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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`rsync` creates the directory structure before it creates the symbolic link.
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This link now links to something not reachable (dead link). It is
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impossible to create subdirectories under the broken link.
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In conclusion you cannot use paths with a linked part.
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However, you can backup directories containing symbolic links
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(in this case you could backup /home/user/nico, which contains
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/home/user/nico/projekte and oeffentlich/computer/projekte).
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Examples
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--------
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A backup host configuration from scratch
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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srwali01:~# mkdir /etc/ccollect
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srwali01:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/
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srwali01:~# echo 28 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/taeglich
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srwali01:~# echo 52 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/woechentlich
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srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect# mkdir sources
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect# cd sources/
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# ls
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir local-root
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd local-root/
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# echo / > source
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# cat > exclude << EOF
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> /proc
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> /sys
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> /mnt
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> EOF
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/local-root destination
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/local-root
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ccollect.sh taeglich local-root
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/o> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using interval taeglich
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/=> Beginning to backup "local-root" ...
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|-> 0 backup(s) already exist, keeping 28 backup(s).
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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After that, I added some more sources:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/sources
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-wl6
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd windos-wl6/
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# echo /mnt/win/SYS/WL6 > source
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/wl6 destination
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/wl6
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# cd ..
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-daten
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# echo /mnt/win/Daten > source
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten destination
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten
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# Now add some remote source
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# cd ..
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir srwali03
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd srwali03/
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# cat > exclude << EOF
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> /proc
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> /sys
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> /mnt
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> /home
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> EOF
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# echo 'root@10.103.2.3:/' > source
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03 destination
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Using hard-links requires less disk space
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# du (coreutils) 5.2.1
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[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir
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4.6M /home/nico/backupdir
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[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir/*
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4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:52.28456
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4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28484
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4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28507
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4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28531
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4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28554
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4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28577
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
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186M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
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srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/*
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147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:42.312
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147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:45.588
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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The backup of our main fileserver:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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backup:~# df -h /home/backup/srsyg01/
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/mapper/backup--01-srsyg01
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591G 451G 111G 81% /home/backup/srsyg01
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backup:~# du -sh /home/backup/srsyg01/*
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432G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-24-01:00.15990
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432G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-26-01:00.30152
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434G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-27-01:00.4596
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435G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-28-01:00.11998
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437G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-29-01:00.19115
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437G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-30-01:00.26405
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438G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-31-01:00.1148
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439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-01-01:00.8321
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439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-02-01:00.15383
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439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-03-01:00.22567
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16K /home/backup/srsyg01/lost+found
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backup:~# du --version | head -n1
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du (coreutils) 5.2.1
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Newer versions of du also detect the hardlinks, so we can even compare
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the sizes directly with du:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[8:16] eiche:~# du --version | head -n 1
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du (GNU coreutils) 5.93
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[8:17] eiche:schwarzesloch# du -slh hydrogenium/*
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19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.0
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18G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-17-00:27.13820
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19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-25-23:18.31328
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19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-26-00:11.3332
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[8:22] eiche:schwarzesloch# du -sh hydrogenium/*
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19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.0
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12G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-17-00:27.13820
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1.5G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-25-23:18.31328
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200M hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-26-00:11.3332
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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In the second report (without -l) the sizes include the space the inodes of
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the hardlinks allocate.
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A collection of backups on the backup server
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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All the data of my important hosts is backuped to eiche into
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/mnt/schwarzesloch/backup:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[9:24] eiche:backup# ls *
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creme:
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woechentlich.2006-01-26-22:22.4153 woechentlich.2006-02-12-11:48.2461
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woechentlich.2006-01-26-22:23.4180 woechentlich.2006-02-18-23:00.7898
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woechentlich.2006-02-05-02:43.14281 woechentlich.2006-02-25-23:00.13480
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woechentlich.2006-02-06-00:24.15509 woechentlich.2006-03-04-23:00.25439
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hydrogenium:
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durcheinander.2006-01-27-11:16.6391 durcheinander.2006-02-13-01:07.2895
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durcheinander.2006-01-30-19:29.9505 durcheinander.2006-02-17-08:20.6707
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durcheinander.2006-01-30-22:27.9623 durcheinander.2006-02-24-16:24.12461
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durcheinander.2006-02-03-09:52.12885 durcheinander.2006-03-03-19:17.18075
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durcheinander.2006-02-05-23:00.15068 durcheinander.2006-03-17-22:41.5007
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scice:
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woechentlich.2006-02-04-10:32.13766 woechentlich.2006-02-16-23:00.6185
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woechentlich.2006-02-05-23:02.15093 woechentlich.2006-02-23-23:00.11783
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woechentlich.2006-02-06-08:22.15994 woechentlich.2006-03-02-23:00.17346
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woechentlich.2006-02-06-19:40.16321 woechentlich.2006-03-09-23:00.29317
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woechentlich.2006-02-12-11:51.2514 woechentlich.2006-03-16-23:00.4218
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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And this incremental backup and the archive are copied to an external
|
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usb harddisk:
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|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[9:23] eiche:backup# df -h
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
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rootfs 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /
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/dev/root 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /
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/dev/root 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /dev/.static/dev
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tmpfs 10M 444K 9.6M 5% /dev
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/dev/hdh 29G 3.7M 29G 1% /mnt/datenklo
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tmpfs 110M 4.0K 110M 1% /dev/shm
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/dev/mapper/nirvana 112G 90G 23G 81% /mnt/datennirvana
|
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/dev/mapper/schwarzes-loch
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230G 144G 86G 63% /mnt/schwarzesloch
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/dev/mapper/archiv 38G 20G 19G 52% /mnt/archiv
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/dev/mapper/usb-backup
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280G 36M 280G 1% /mnt/usb/backup
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[9:24] eiche:backup# cat ~/bin/sync-to-usb
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DDIR=/mnt/usb/backup
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rsync -av --delete /mnt/schwarzesloch/ "$DDIR/schwarzesloch/"
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|
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rsync -av --delete /mnt/archiv/ "$DDIR/archiv/"
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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