984 lines
41 KiB
Text
984 lines
41 KiB
Text
ccollect - Installing, Configuring and Using
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============================================
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Nico Schottelius <nico-ccollect__@__schottelius.org>
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0.6, for ccollect 0.6 - 0.6.1, Initial Version from 2006-01-13
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:Author Initials: NS
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(pseudo) incremental backup
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with different exclude lists
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using hardlinks and `rsync`
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Introduction
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------------
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`ccollect` is a backup utility written in the sh-scripting language.
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It does not depend on a specific shell, only `/bin/sh` needs to be
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bourne shell compatible (like 'dash', 'ksh', 'zsh', 'bash', ...).
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Supported and tested operating systems and architectures
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`ccollect` was successfully tested on the following platforms:
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- GNU/Linux on amd64/hppa/i386
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- NetBSD on amd64/i386/sparc/sparc64
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- OpenBSD on amd64
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It *should* run on any Unix that supports `rsync` and has a POSIX-compatible
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bourne shell. If your platform is not listed above and you have it successfully
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running, please drop me a mail.
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Why you can only backup from remote hosts, not to them
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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While considering the design of ccollect, I thought about enabling
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backup to *remote* hosts. Though this sounds like a nice feature
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('Backup my notebook to the server now.'), in my opinion it is a
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bad idea to backup to a remote host.
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Reason
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^^^^^^
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If you want to backup *TO* a remote host, you have to loosen security on it.
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Imagine the following situation: You backup your farm of webservers *TO*
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a backup host somewhere else.
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Now one of your webservers which has access to your backup host gets
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compromised.
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Your backup server will be compromised, too.
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And the attacker will have access to all data on the other webservers.
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Doing it securely
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Think of it the other way round: The backup server (now behind a
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firewall using NAT and strong firewall rules) connects to the
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webservers and pulls the data *from* them. If someone gets access to one
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of the webservers, this person will perhaps not even see your machine. If
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the attacker does see connections from a host to the compromised
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machine, he/she will not be able to log in on the backup machine.
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All other backups are still secure.
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Incompatibilities
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Versions 0.5 and 0.6
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.The format of `rsync_options` changed:
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- Before 0.6 it was whitespace delimeted
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- As of 0.6 it is newline seperated (so you can pass whitespaces to `rsync`)
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You can update your configuration using `tools/config-pre-0.6-to-0.6.sub.sh`.
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.The name of the backup directories changed:
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- Before 0.6: "date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M"
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- As of 0.6: "date +%Y%m%d-%H%M" (better readable, date is closer together)
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For the second change there is no updated needed, as XXXX- is always before
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XXXXX (- comes before digit).
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Versions 0.4 and 0.5
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Not a real incompatibilty, but seems to fit in this section:
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.0.5 does *NOT* require
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- PaX
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- bc
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anymore!
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Versions < 0.4 and 0.4
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Since `ccollect` 0.4 there are several incompatibilities with earlier
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versions:
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.List of incompatibilities
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- `pax` (Posix) is now required, `cp -al` (GNU specific) is removed
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- "interval" was written with two 'l' (ell), which is wrong in English
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- Changed the name of backup directories, removed the colon in the interval
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- ccollect will now exit when preexec returns non-zero
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- ccollect now reports when postexec returns non-zero
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You can convert your old configuration directory using
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`config-pre-0.4-to-0.4.sh`, which can be found in the *tools/*
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subdirectory:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:05] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.4# ./tools/config-pre-0.4-to-0.4.sh /etc/ccollect
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Quick start
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-----------
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For those who do not want to read the whole long document:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# get latest ccollect tarball from http://unix.schottelius.org/ccollect/
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# replace value for CCV with the current version
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export CCV=0.6
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#
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# replace 'wget' with fetch on bsd
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#
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holen=wget
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"$holen" http://unix.schottelius.org/ccollect/ccollect-${CCV}.tar.bz2
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# extract the tarball, change to the newly created directory
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tar -xvjf ccollect-${CCV}.tar.bz2
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cd ccollect-${CCV}
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# create mini-configuration
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# first create directory structure
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mkdir -p miniconfig/defaults/intervals
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mkdir miniconfig/sources
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# create sample intervals
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echo 2 > miniconfig/defaults/intervals/testinterval
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echo 3 > miniconfig/defaults/intervals/testinterval2
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# create destination directory, where the backups will be kept
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mkdir ~/DASI
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# create sample source, which will be saved
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mkdir miniconfig/sources/testsource
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# We will save '/bin' to the directory '~/DASI'
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echo '/bin' > miniconfig/sources/testsource/source
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ln -s ~/DASI miniconfig/sources/testsource/destination
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# We want to see what happens and also a small summary at the end
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touch miniconfig/sources/testsource/verbose
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touch miniconfig/sources/testsource/summary
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echo "do the backup, twice"
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CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
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CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
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echo "the third time ccollect begins to remove old backups"
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echo -n "Hit enter to see it"
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read
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CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval testsource
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echo "Now we add another interval, ccollect should clone from existent ones"
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echo -n "Hit enter to see it"
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read
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CCOLLECT_CONF=./miniconfig ./ccollect.sh testinterval2 testsource
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echo "Let's see how much space we used with two backups and compare it to /bin"
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du -s ~/DASI /bin
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Cutting and pasting the complete section above to your shell will result in
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the download of ccollect, the creation of a sample configuration and the
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execution of some backups.
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Requirements
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------------
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Installing ccollect
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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For the installation you need at least
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- the latest ccollect package (http://unix.schottelius.org/ccollect/)
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- either `cp` and `chmod` or `install`
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- for more comfort: `make`
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- for rebuilding the generated documentation: additionally `asciidoc`
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Using ccollect
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.Running ccollect requires the following tools to be installed:
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- `date`
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- `rsync`
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- `ssh` (if you want to use rsync over ssh, which is recommened for security)
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Installing
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----------
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Either type 'make install' or simply copy it to a directory in your
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$PATH and execute 'chmod *0755* /path/to/ccollect.sh'. If you would
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like to use the new management scripts (available since 0.6), copy
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the following scripts to a directory in $PATH:
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- `tools/add_ccollect_source.sh`
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- `tools/list_ccollect_intervals.sh`
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- `tools/delete_ccollect_source.sh`
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Configuring
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-----------
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Runtime options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`ccollect` looks for its configuration in '/etc/ccollect' or, if set, in
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the directory specified by the variable '$CCOLLECT_CONF':
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# sh-compatible (zsh, mksh, ksh, bash, ...)
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$ CCOLLECT_CONF=/your/config/dir ccollect.sh ...
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# csh
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$ ( setenv CCOLLECT_CONF /your/config/dir ; ccollect.sh ... )
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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When you start `ccollect`, you have to specify in which interval
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to backup (daily, weekly, yearly; you can specify the names yourself, see below) and which sources to backup (or -a to backup all sources).
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The interval specifies how many backups are kept.
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There are also some self-explanatory parameters you can pass to ccollect, simply use
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`ccollect.sh --help` for info.
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General configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The general configuration can be found in $CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults or
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/etc/ccollect/defaults. All options specified there are generally valid for
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all source definitions, although the values can be overwritten in the source
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configuration.
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All configuration entries are plain-text files (use UTF-8 for non-ascii characters).
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Interval definition
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The interval definition can be found in
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'$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/intervals/' or '/etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals'.
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Each file in this directory specifies an interval. The name of the file is
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the same as the name of the interval: `intervals/'<interval name>'`.
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The content of this file should be a single line containing a number.
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This number defines how many versions of this interval are kept.
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Example:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/defaults/intervals/
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insgesamt 12
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 10:24 daily
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-08 11:36 monthly
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-08 11:36 weekly
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[10:23] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/defaults/intervals/*
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28
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12
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4
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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This means to keep 28 daily backups, 12 monthly backups and 4 weekly.
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General pre- and post-execution
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you add '$CCOLLECT_CONF/defaults/`pre_exec`' or
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'/etc/ccollect/defaults/`pre_exec`' (same with `post_exec`), `ccollect`
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will start `pre_exec` before the whole backup process and
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`post_exec` after backup of all sources is done.
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The following example describes how to report free disk space in
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human readable format before and after the whole backup process:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[13:00] hydrogenium:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/
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[13:00] hydrogenium:~# echo '#!/bin/sh' > /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# echo '' >> /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# echo 'df -h' >> /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# chmod 0755 /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec
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[13:01] hydrogenium:~# ln -s /etc/ccollect/defaults/pre_exec /etc/ccollect/defaults/post_exec
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Source configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Each source configuration exists in '$CCOLLECT_CONF/sources/$name' or
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'/etc/ccollect/sources/$name'.
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The name you choose for the subdirectory describes the source.
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Each source contains at least the following files:
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- `source` (a text file containing the `rsync` compatible path to backup)
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- `destination` (a link to the directory we should backup to)
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Additionally a source may have the following files:
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- `verbose` whether to be verbose (passes -v to `rsync`)
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- `very_verbose` be very verbose (`mkdir -v`, `rm -v` and `rsync -vv`)
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- `summary` create a transfer summary when `rsync` finished
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- `exclude` exclude list for `rsync`. newline seperated list.
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- `rsync_options` extra options for `rsync`. newline seperated list.
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- `pre_exec` program to execute before backing up *this* source
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- `post_exec` program to execute after backing up *this* source
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- `delete_incomplete` delete incomplete backups
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2
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insgesamt 12
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 destination -> /home/nico/backupdir
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 62 2005-12-07 17:43 exclude
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drwxr-xr-x 2 nico users 4096 2005-12-07 17:38 intervals
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 15 2005-11-17 16:44 source
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
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openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
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nicht_reinnehmen
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etwas mit leerzeichenli
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[10:47] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervals
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insgesamt 4
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
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[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/daily
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5
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[10:48] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/source
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/home/nico/vpn
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "source"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`source` describes a `rsync` compatible source (one line only).
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For instance 'backup_user@foreign_host:/home/server/video'.
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To use the `rsync` protocol without the `ssh`-tunnel, use
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'rsync::USER@HOST/SRC'. For more information have a look at the manpage
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of `rsync`(1).
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Detailed description of "verbose"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`verbose` tells `ccollect` that the log should contain verbose messages.
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If this file exists in the source specification *-v* will be passed to `rsync`.
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`
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% touch conf/sources/testsource1/verbose
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "very_verbose"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`very_verbose` tells `ccollect` that it should log very verbosely.
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If this file exists in the source specification *-v* will be passed to
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`rsync`, `rm` and `mkdir`.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[23:67] nohost:~% touch conf/sources/testsource1/very_verbose
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "summary"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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If you create the file `summary` in the source definition,
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`ccollect` will present you a nice summary at the end.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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backup:~# touch /etc/ccollect/sources/root/summary
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backup:~# ccollect.sh werktags root
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==> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using interval werktags <==
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[root] Beginning to backup this source ...
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[root] Currently 3 backup(s) exist, total keeping 50 backup(s).
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[root] Beginning to backup, this may take some time...
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[root] Hard linking...
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[root] Transferring files...
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[root]
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[root] Number of files: 84183
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[root] Number of files transferred: 32
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[root] Total file size: 26234080536 bytes
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[root] Total transferred file size: 9988252 bytes
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[root] Literal data: 9988252 bytes
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[root] Matched data: 0 bytes
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[root] File list size: 3016771
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[root] File list generation time: 1.786 seconds
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[root] File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds
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[root] Total bytes sent: 13009119
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[root] Total bytes received: 2152
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[root]
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[root] sent 13009119 bytes received 2152 bytes 2891393.56 bytes/sec
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[root] total size is 26234080536 speedup is 2016.26
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[root] Successfully finished backup.
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==> Finished ccollect.sh <==
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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You could also combine it with `verbose` or `very_verbose`, but these
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already print some statistics (though not all / the same as presented by
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`summary`).
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Detailed description of "exclude"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`exclude` specifies a list of paths to exclude. The entries are seperated by a newline (\n).
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:35] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/exclude
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openvpn-2.0.1.tar.gz
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nicht_reinnehmen
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etwas mit leerzeichenli
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something with spaces is not a problem
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailed description of "destination"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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`destination` must be a link to the destination directory.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:36] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/destination
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico users 20 2005-11-17 16:44 conf/sources/testsource2/destination -> /home/nico/backupdir
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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To tell the truth, this is not fully correct. `ccollect` will also backup
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your data if `destination` is a directory. But do you really want to have
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a backup in /etc?
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Detailed description of "intervals/"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When you create the subdirectory `intervals/` in your source configuration
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directory, you can specify individiual intervals for this specific source.
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Each file in this directory describes an interval.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% ls -l conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/
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insgesamt 8
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 2 2005-12-07 17:38 daily
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-rw-r--r-- 1 nico users 3 2005-12-14 11:33 yearly
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[11:37] zaphodbeeblebrox:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/testsource2/intervals/*
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5
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20
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailled description of "rsync_options"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When you create the file `rsync_options` in your source configuration,
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all the parameters in this file will be passed to rsync. This
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way you can pass additional options to rsync. For instance you can tell rsync
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to show progress ("--progress"), or which -password-file ("--password-file")
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to use for automatic backup over the rsync-protocol.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[23:42] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.2% cat conf/sources/test_rsync/rsync_options
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--password-file=/home/user/backup/protected_password_file
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Detailled description of "pre_exec" and "post_exec"
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When you create `pre_exec` and / or `post_exec` in your source
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configuration, `ccollect` will execute this command before and
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respectively after doing the backup for *this specific* source.
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If you want to have pre-/post-exec before and after *all*
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backups, see above for general configuration.
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Example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[13:09] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.3% cat conf/sources/with_exec/pre_exec
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#!/bin/sh
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# Show whats free before
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df -h
|
|
[13:09] hydrogenium:ccollect-0.3% cat conf/sources/with_exec/post_exec
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
|
|
# Show whats free after
|
|
df -h
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Detailed description of "delete_incomplete"
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
If you create the file `delete_incomplete` in a source specification directory,
|
|
`ccollect` will look for incomplete backups (when the whole `ccollect` process
|
|
was interrupted) and remove them. Without this file `ccollect` will only warn
|
|
the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hints
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
Smart logging
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Since ccollect-0.6.1 you can use the ccollect-logwrapper.sh(1) for logging.
|
|
You call it the same way you call ccollect.sh and it will create a
|
|
logfile containing the output of ccollect.sh. For more information look
|
|
at the manpage 'ccollect-logwrapper'. The following is an example running
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh:
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
u0219 ~ # ~chdscni9/ccollect-logwrapper.sh daily u0160.nshq.ch.netstream.com
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh (11722): Starting with arguments: daily u0160.nshq.ch.netstream.com
|
|
ccollect-logwrapper.sh (11722): Finished.
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using a different ssh port
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Mostly easy is to use your ~/.ssh/config file:
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
host mx2.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 2342
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
If you only use that port for backup and normally want to use another port,
|
|
you can add 'HostName' and "HostKeyAlias" (if you also have different
|
|
keys on the different ports):
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Host hhydrogenium
|
|
Hostname bruehe.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 666
|
|
HostKeyAlias hydrogenium
|
|
|
|
Host bruehe
|
|
Hostname bruehe.schottelius.org
|
|
Port 22
|
|
HostKeyAlias bruehe.schottelius.org
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using source names or interval in pre_/post_exec scripts
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
The pre-/post_exec scripts can access some internal variables from `ccollect`:
|
|
|
|
- INTERVAL: The interval specified on the command line
|
|
- no_sources: number of sources
|
|
- source_$NUM: the name of the source
|
|
- name: the name of the currently being backuped source (not available for
|
|
generic pre_exec script)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using rsync protocol without ssh
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
When you have a computer with little computing power, it may be useful to use
|
|
rsync without ssh, directly using the rsync protocol
|
|
(specify 'user@host::share' in `source`). You may wish to use
|
|
`rsync_options` to specify a password file to use for automatic backup.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/source
|
|
backup@webserver::backup-share
|
|
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_options
|
|
--password-file=/etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
|
|
|
|
backup:~# cat /etc/ccollect/sources/sample.backup.host.org/rsync_password
|
|
this_is_the_rsync_password
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
This hint was reported by Daniel Aubry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not excluding top-level directories
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
When you exclude "/proc" or "/mnt" from your backup, you may run into
|
|
trouble when you restore your backup. When you use "/proc/\*" or "/mnt/\*"
|
|
instead, `ccollect` will backup empty directories.
|
|
|
|
[NOTE]
|
|
===========================================
|
|
When those directories contain hidden files
|
|
(those beginning with a dot (*.*)),
|
|
they will still be transferred!
|
|
===========================================
|
|
This hint was reported by Marcus Wagner.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Re-using already created rsync-backups
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
If you used `rsync` directly before you use `ccollect`, you can
|
|
use this old backup as initial backup for `ccollect`: You
|
|
simply move it into a subdirectory named "'interval'.0".
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
|
|
bin dev etc initrd lost+found mnt root srv usr vmlinuz
|
|
boot doc home lib media opt sbin tmp var vmlinuz.old
|
|
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# mkdir daily.0
|
|
|
|
# ignore error about copying to itself
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# mv * daily.0 2>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
backup:/home/backup/web1# ls
|
|
daily.0
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Now you can use /home/backup/web1 as the `destination` for the backup.
|
|
|
|
[NOTE]
|
|
===============================================================================
|
|
Do *not* name the first backup something like "daily.initial", but use
|
|
the "*0*" (or some number that is lower than the current year)
|
|
as extension. `ccollect` uses `sort` to find the latest backup. `ccollect`
|
|
itself uses 'interval.YEARMONTHDAY-HOURMINUTE.PID'. This notation will
|
|
*always* be before "daily.initial", as numbers are earlier in the list
|
|
which is produced by `sort`. So, if you have a directory named "daily.initial",
|
|
`ccollect` will always diff against this backup and transfer and delete
|
|
files which where deleted in previous backups. This means you simply
|
|
waste resources, but your backup will be complete.
|
|
===============================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using pre_/post_exec
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Your pre_/post_exec script does not need to be a script, you can also
|
|
use a link to
|
|
|
|
- an existing program
|
|
- an already written script
|
|
|
|
The only requirement is that it is executable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using source specific interval definitions
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
When you are backing up multiple hosts via cron each night, it may be
|
|
a problem that host "big_server" may only have 4 daily backups, because
|
|
otherwise its backup device will be full. But for all other hosts
|
|
you want to keep 20 daily backups. In this case you would create
|
|
`/etc/ccollect/default/intervals/daily` containing "20" and
|
|
`/etc/ccollect/sources/big_server/intervals/daily` containing "4".
|
|
|
|
Source specific intervals always overwrite the default values.
|
|
If you have to specify it individually for every host, because
|
|
of different requirements, you can even omit creating
|
|
`/etc/ccollect/default/intervals/daily`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
F.A.Q.
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
What happens if one backup is broken or empty?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
Let us assume that one backup failed (connection broke or the source
|
|
hard disk had some failures). Therefore we've got one incomplete backup in our history.
|
|
|
|
`ccollect` will transfer the missing files the next time you use it.
|
|
This leads to
|
|
|
|
- more transferred files
|
|
- much greater disk space usage, as no hardlinks can be used
|
|
|
|
If the whole `ccollect` process was interrupted, `ccollect` (since 0.6) can
|
|
detect that and remove the incomplete backups, so you can clone from a complete
|
|
backup instead.
|
|
|
|
When backing up from localhost the destination is also included. Is this a bug?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
No. `ccollect` passes your source definition directly to `rsync`. It
|
|
does not try to analyze it. So it actually does not know if a source
|
|
comes from local harddisk or from a remote server. And it does not want
|
|
to. When you backup from the local harddisk (which is perhaps not
|
|
even a good idea when thinking of security), add the `destination`
|
|
to 'source/exclude'. (Daniel Aubry reported this problem)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Why does ccollect say "Permission denied" with my pre-/postexec script?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
The most common error is that you have not given your script the correct
|
|
permissions. Try `chmod 0755 /etc/ccollect/sources/'yoursource'/*_exec``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Why does the backup job fail when part of the source is a link?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
When a part of your path you specified in the source is a
|
|
(symbolic, hard links are not possible for directories) link,
|
|
the backup *must* fail.
|
|
|
|
First of all, let us have a look at how it looks like:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
==> ccollect 0.4: Beginning backup using interval taeglich <==
|
|
[testsource] Sa Apr 29 00:01:55 CEST 2006 Beginning to backup
|
|
[testsource] Currently 0 backup(s) exist(s), total keeping 10 backup(s).
|
|
[testsource] Beginning to backup, this may take some time...
|
|
[testsource] Creating /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874 ...
|
|
[testsource] Sa Apr 29 00:01:55 CEST 2006 Transferring files...
|
|
[testsource] rsync: recv_generator: mkdir "/etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect" failed: No such file or directory (2)
|
|
[testsource] rsync: stat "/etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect" failed: No such file or directory (2)
|
|
[...]
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
So what is the problem? It is very obvious when you look deeper into it:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
% cat /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/source
|
|
/home/user/nico/projekte/ccollect/ccollect-0.4
|
|
% ls -l /home/user/nico/projekte
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico nico 29 2005-12-02 23:28 /home/user/nico/projekte -> oeffentlich/computer/projekte
|
|
% ls -l /etc/ccollect/sources/testsource/destination/taeglich.2006-04-29-0001.3874/home/user/nico
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 nico nico 29 2006-04-29 00:01 projekte -> oeffentlich/computer/projekte
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
`rsync` creates the directory structure before it creates the symbolic link.
|
|
This link now links to something not reachable (dead link). It is
|
|
impossible to create subdirectories under the broken link.
|
|
|
|
In conclusion you cannot use paths with a linked part.
|
|
|
|
However, you can backup directories containing symbolic links
|
|
(in this case you could backup /home/user/nico, which contains
|
|
/home/user/nico/projekte and oeffentlich/computer/projekte).
|
|
|
|
|
|
How can I prevent missing the right time to enter my password?
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
As `ccollect` first deletes the old backups, it may take some time
|
|
until `rsync` requests the password for the `ssh` session from you.
|
|
|
|
The easiest way not to miss that point is running `ccollect` in `screen`,
|
|
which has the ability to monitor the output for activity. So as soon as
|
|
your screen beeps, after `ccollect` began to remove the last directory,
|
|
you can enter your password (have a look at screen(1), especially "C-a M"
|
|
and "C-a _", for more information).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
A backup host configuration from scratch
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
srwali01:~# mkdir /etc/ccollect
|
|
srwali01:~# mkdir -p /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 28 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/taeglich
|
|
srwali01:~# echo 52 > /etc/ccollect/defaults/intervals/woechentlich
|
|
srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# mkdir sources
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect# cd sources/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# ls
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir local-root
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd local-root/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# echo / > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# cat > exclude << EOF
|
|
> /proc
|
|
> /sys
|
|
> /mnt
|
|
> EOF
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/local-root destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/local-root
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/local-root# ccollect.sh taeglich local-root
|
|
/o> ccollect.sh: Beginning backup using interval taeglich
|
|
/=> Beginning to backup "local-root" ...
|
|
|-> 0 backup(s) already exist, keeping 28 backup(s).
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
After that, I added some more sources:
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
srwali01:~# cd /etc/ccollect/sources
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-wl6
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd windos-wl6/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# echo /mnt/win/SYS/WL6 > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/wl6 destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/wl6
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-wl6# cd ..
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir windos-daten
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# echo /mnt/win/Daten > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/windos-daten
|
|
|
|
# Now add some remote source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/windos-daten# cd ..
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# mkdir srwali03
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# cd srwali03/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# cat > exclude << EOF
|
|
> /proc
|
|
> /sys
|
|
> /mnt
|
|
> /home
|
|
> EOF
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# echo 'root@10.103.2.3:/' > source
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# ln -s /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03 destination
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources/srwali03# mkdir /mnt/hdbackup/srwali03
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using hard-links requires less disk space
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# du (coreutils) 5.2.1
|
|
[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir
|
|
4.6M /home/nico/backupdir
|
|
[10:53] srsyg01:sources% du -sh ~/backupdir/*
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:52.28456
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28484
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28507
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28531
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28554
|
|
4.1M /home/nico/backupdir/daily.2005-12-08-10:53.28577
|
|
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
|
186M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/
|
|
srwali01:/etc/ccollect/sources# du -sh /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/*
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:42.312
|
|
147M /mnt/hdbackup/wl6/taeglich.2005-12-08-14:45.588
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The backup of our main fileserver:
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
backup:~# df -h /home/backup/srsyg01/
|
|
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
|
/dev/mapper/backup--01-srsyg01
|
|
591G 451G 111G 81% /home/backup/srsyg01
|
|
backup:~# du -sh /home/backup/srsyg01/*
|
|
432G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-24-01:00.15990
|
|
432G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-26-01:00.30152
|
|
434G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-27-01:00.4596
|
|
435G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-28-01:00.11998
|
|
437G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-29-01:00.19115
|
|
437G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-30-01:00.26405
|
|
438G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-01-31-01:00.1148
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-01-01:00.8321
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-02-01:00.15383
|
|
439G /home/backup/srsyg01/daily.2006-02-03-01:00.22567
|
|
16K /home/backup/srsyg01/lost+found
|
|
backup:~# du --version | head -n1
|
|
du (coreutils) 5.2.1
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Newer versions of du also detect the hardlinks, so we can even compare
|
|
the sizes directly with du:
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[8:16] eiche:~# du --version | head -n 1
|
|
du (GNU coreutils) 5.93
|
|
[8:17] eiche:schwarzesloch# du -slh hydrogenium/*
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.0
|
|
18G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-17-00:27.13820
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-25-23:18.31328
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-26-00:11.3332
|
|
[8:22] eiche:schwarzesloch# du -sh hydrogenium/*
|
|
19G hydrogenium/durcheinander.0
|
|
12G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-17-00:27.13820
|
|
1.5G hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-25-23:18.31328
|
|
200M hydrogenium/durcheinander.2006-01-26-00:11.3332
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
In the second report (without -l) the sizes include the space the inodes of
|
|
the hardlinks allocate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
A collection of backups on the backup server
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
All the data of my important hosts is backuped to eiche into
|
|
/mnt/schwarzesloch/backup:
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[9:24] eiche:backup# ls *
|
|
creme:
|
|
woechentlich.2006-01-26-22:22.4153 woechentlich.2006-02-12-11:48.2461
|
|
woechentlich.2006-01-26-22:23.4180 woechentlich.2006-02-18-23:00.7898
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-05-02:43.14281 woechentlich.2006-02-25-23:00.13480
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-00:24.15509 woechentlich.2006-03-04-23:00.25439
|
|
|
|
hydrogenium:
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-27-11:16.6391 durcheinander.2006-02-13-01:07.2895
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-30-19:29.9505 durcheinander.2006-02-17-08:20.6707
|
|
durcheinander.2006-01-30-22:27.9623 durcheinander.2006-02-24-16:24.12461
|
|
durcheinander.2006-02-03-09:52.12885 durcheinander.2006-03-03-19:17.18075
|
|
durcheinander.2006-02-05-23:00.15068 durcheinander.2006-03-17-22:41.5007
|
|
|
|
scice:
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-04-10:32.13766 woechentlich.2006-02-16-23:00.6185
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-05-23:02.15093 woechentlich.2006-02-23-23:00.11783
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-08:22.15994 woechentlich.2006-03-02-23:00.17346
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-06-19:40.16321 woechentlich.2006-03-09-23:00.29317
|
|
woechentlich.2006-02-12-11:51.2514 woechentlich.2006-03-16-23:00.4218
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
And this incremental backup and the archive are copied to an external
|
|
usb harddisk (attention: you *should* really use -H to backup the backup):
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
[9:23] eiche:backup# df -h
|
|
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
|
rootfs 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /
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/dev/root 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /
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/dev/root 14G 8.2G 4.9G 63% /dev/.static/dev
|
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tmpfs 10M 444K 9.6M 5% /dev
|
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/dev/hdh 29G 3.7M 29G 1% /mnt/datenklo
|
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tmpfs 110M 4.0K 110M 1% /dev/shm
|
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/dev/mapper/nirvana 112G 90G 23G 81% /mnt/datennirvana
|
|
/dev/mapper/schwarzes-loch
|
|
230G 144G 86G 63% /mnt/schwarzesloch
|
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/dev/mapper/archiv 38G 20G 19G 52% /mnt/archiv
|
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/dev/mapper/usb-backup
|
|
280G 36M 280G 1% /mnt/usb/backup
|
|
[9:24] eiche:backup# cat ~/bin/sync-to-usb
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DDIR=/mnt/usb/backup
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rsync -av -H --delete /mnt/schwarzesloch/ "$DDIR/schwarzesloch/"
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|
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rsync -av -H --delete /mnt/archiv/ "$DDIR/archiv/"
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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|
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Processes running when doing ccollect -p
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Truncated output from `ps axuwwwf`:
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily -p ddba034 ddba045 ddba046 ddba047 ddba049 ddna010 ddna011
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S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
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S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
|
R+ 11:40 23:40 | | | | | \_ rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded --link-dest=/home/server/backup/ddba034
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | | \_ ssh -l root ddba034.netstream.ch rsync --server --sender -vlogDtprR --numeric-ids . /
|
|
S+ 11:41 0:11 | | | | | \_ rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded --link-dest=/home/server/backup/ddb
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba034
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba034\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:02 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba045/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1807.6934
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba045
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba045\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:02 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba046/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1810.7072
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba046
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba046\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba047/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1816.7268
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba047
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba047\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
D+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddba049/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1821.7504
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddba049
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddba049\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
R+ 11:40 0:03 | | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddna010/destination/daily.2006-10-19-1805.6849
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna010
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddna010\] :
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
R+ 12:08 0:00 | | | | \_ rm -rf /etc/ccollect/sources/ddna011/destination/daily.2006-10-20-1502.7824
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/ccollect.sh daily ddna011
|
|
S+ 11:40 0:00 | | | \_ sed s:^:\[ddna011\] :
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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As you can see, six processes are deleting old backups, while one backup
|
|
(ddba034) is already copying data.
|