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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">19. Parallelization</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#description">19.1. Description</a></li>
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<li class="breadcrumb-item active"><span class="section-number">19. </span>Parallelization</li>
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<section id="parallelization">
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<h1><span class="section-number">19. </span>Parallelization<a class="headerlink" href="#parallelization" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<section id="description">
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<h2><span class="section-number">19.1. </span>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<p>cdist has two modes of parallel operation.</p>
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<p>One of them is to operate on each host in separate process. This is enabled
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with <strong>-p/--parallel</strong> option.</p>
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<p>The other way is to operate in parallel within one host where you specify
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the number of jobs. This is enabled with <strong>-j/--jobs</strong> option where you
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can specify the number of parallel jobs. By default,
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<strong>multiprocessing.cpu_count()</strong> is used. For this mode global explorers,
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object preparation and object run are supported.</p>
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<p>You can, of course, use those two options together. This means that each host
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will be processed by its own process. Within each process cdist will operate
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using specified number of parallel jobs.</p>
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<p>For more info on those options see <strong>cdist</strong>(1).</p>
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</section>
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<section id="examples">
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<h2><span class="section-number">19.2. </span>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Configure hosts read from file hosts.file in parallel</span>
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$<span class="w"> </span>cdist<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>-p<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>hosts.file
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<span class="c1"># Configure hosts read from file hosts.file sequentially but using default</span>
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<span class="c1"># number of parallel jobs</span>
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$<span class="w"> </span>cdist<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>-j<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>hosts.file
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<span class="c1"># Configure hosts read from file hosts.file in parallel using 16</span>
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<span class="c1"># parallel jobs</span>
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$<span class="w"> </span>cdist<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>-j<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">16</span><span class="w"> </span>-p<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>hosts.file
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section id="caveats">
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<h2><span class="section-number">19.3. </span>Caveats<a class="headerlink" href="#caveats" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
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<p>When operating in parallel, either by operating in parallel for each host
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(-p/--parallel) or by parallel jobs within a host (-j/--jobs), and depending
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on target SSH server and its configuration you may encounter connection drops.
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This is controlled with sshd :strong:MaxStartups configuration options.
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You may also encounter session open refusal. This happens with ssh multiplexing
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when you reach maximum number of open sessions permitted per network
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connection. In this case ssh will disable multiplexing.
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This limit is controlled with sshd :strong:MaxSessions configuration
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options. For more details refer to <strong>sshd_config</strong>(5).</p>
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<p>For example, if you reach <strong>MaxSessions</strong> sessions you may get the
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following output:</p>
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<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span>cdist<span class="w"> </span>config<span class="w"> </span>-b<span class="w"> </span>-j<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">11</span><span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">78</span>.47.116.244
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span>cdist:<span class="w"> </span>version<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span>.2.2-55-g640b7f9
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">78</span>.47.116.244:<span class="w"> </span>Running<span class="w"> </span>global<span class="w"> </span>explorers
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">78</span>.47.116.244:<span class="w"> </span>Remote<span class="w"> </span>transfer<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">11</span><span class="w"> </span>parallel<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">jobs</span>
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channel<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">22</span>:<span class="w"> </span>open<span class="w"> </span>failed:<span class="w"> </span>administratively<span class="w"> </span>prohibited:<span class="w"> </span>open<span class="w"> </span>failed
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mux_client_request_session:<span class="w"> </span>session<span class="w"> </span>request<span class="w"> </span>failed:<span class="w"> </span>Session<span class="w"> </span>open<span class="w"> </span>refused<span class="w"> </span>by<span class="w"> </span>peer
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ControlSocket<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/tmpuah6fw_t/d886d4b7e4425a102a54bfaff4d2288b/ssh-control-path<span class="w"> </span>already<span class="w"> </span>exists,<span class="w"> </span>disabling<span class="w"> </span>multiplexing
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">78</span>.47.116.244:<span class="w"> </span>Running<span class="w"> </span>global<span class="w"> </span>explorers<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">11</span><span class="w"> </span>parallel<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">jobs</span>
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channel<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">22</span>:<span class="w"> </span>open<span class="w"> </span>failed:<span class="w"> </span>administratively<span class="w"> </span>prohibited:<span class="w"> </span>open<span class="w"> </span>failed
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mux_client_request_session:<span class="w"> </span>session<span class="w"> </span>request<span class="w"> </span>failed:<span class="w"> </span>Session<span class="w"> </span>open<span class="w"> </span>refused<span class="w"> </span>by<span class="w"> </span>peer
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ControlSocket<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/tmpuah6fw_t/d886d4b7e4425a102a54bfaff4d2288b/ssh-control-path<span class="w"> </span>already<span class="w"> </span>exists,<span class="w"> </span>disabling<span class="w"> </span>multiplexing
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">78</span>.47.116.244:<span class="w"> </span>Running<span class="w"> </span>initial<span class="w"> </span>manifest<span class="w"> </span>/tmp/tmpuah6fw_t/d886d4b7e4425a102a54bfaff4d2288b/data/conf/manifest/init
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">78</span>.47.116.244:<span class="w"> </span>Running<span class="w"> </span>manifest<span class="w"> </span>and<span class="w"> </span>explorers<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>__file/root/host.file
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">78</span>.47.116.244:<span class="w"> </span>Generating<span class="w"> </span>code<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>__file/root/host.file
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">78</span>.47.116.244:<span class="w"> </span>Finished<span class="w"> </span>successful<span class="w"> </span>run<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">18</span>.655028820037842<span class="w"> </span>seconds
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INFO:<span class="w"> </span>cdist:<span class="w"> </span>Total<span class="w"> </span>processing<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>host<span class="o">(</span>s<span class="o">)</span>:<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">19</span>.159148693084717
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</pre></div>
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